Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has advanced significantly in the last decade, enabling high-resolution studies of electronic structures in cuprate superconductors. This review summarizes recent ARPES results on cuprates and their insulating parent compounds, focusing on key issues such as the Fermi surface, superconducting gap, pseudogap, and electronic inhomogeneity. ARPES provides direct insight into the electronic structure of materials, revealing details about the Fermi surface, superconducting gap, and many-body effects. The technique has become a leading tool for studying high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), offering a detailed view of their electronic properties. The paper discusses the evolution of cuprate HTSCs from Mott insulators to superconductors, highlighting the role of strong electron-electron correlations. It covers the normal-state electronic structure, interlayer interactions, superconducting gap, coherent quasiparticles, pseudogap, and self-energy effects. ARPES data from various copper oxides are analyzed, showing how the electronic structure changes with doping and temperature. The study also addresses the emergence of coherent quasiparticles during the superconducting transition and the role of many-body effects in the one-particle spectral function. The review emphasizes the importance of ARPES in understanding the complex electronic behavior of HTSCs, particularly in the context of the quantum theory of solids. It highlights the limitations of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory in describing HTSCs and the need for alternative models. The paper also discusses the impact of ARPES on the development of many-body theories, particularly in the context of the single-particle Green's function and the self-energy correction. The review concludes with a discussion of the implications of ARPES results for the broader field of condensed matter physics, emphasizing the role of ARPES in advancing our understanding of strongly correlated electron systems. The paper underscores the importance of ARPES in probing the electronic structure of HTSCs and its potential for future research in this area.Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has advanced significantly in the last decade, enabling high-resolution studies of electronic structures in cuprate superconductors. This review summarizes recent ARPES results on cuprates and their insulating parent compounds, focusing on key issues such as the Fermi surface, superconducting gap, pseudogap, and electronic inhomogeneity. ARPES provides direct insight into the electronic structure of materials, revealing details about the Fermi surface, superconducting gap, and many-body effects. The technique has become a leading tool for studying high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), offering a detailed view of their electronic properties. The paper discusses the evolution of cuprate HTSCs from Mott insulators to superconductors, highlighting the role of strong electron-electron correlations. It covers the normal-state electronic structure, interlayer interactions, superconducting gap, coherent quasiparticles, pseudogap, and self-energy effects. ARPES data from various copper oxides are analyzed, showing how the electronic structure changes with doping and temperature. The study also addresses the emergence of coherent quasiparticles during the superconducting transition and the role of many-body effects in the one-particle spectral function. The review emphasizes the importance of ARPES in understanding the complex electronic behavior of HTSCs, particularly in the context of the quantum theory of solids. It highlights the limitations of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory in describing HTSCs and the need for alternative models. The paper also discusses the impact of ARPES on the development of many-body theories, particularly in the context of the single-particle Green's function and the self-energy correction. The review concludes with a discussion of the implications of ARPES results for the broader field of condensed matter physics, emphasizing the role of ARPES in advancing our understanding of strongly correlated electron systems. The paper underscores the importance of ARPES in probing the electronic structure of HTSCs and its potential for future research in this area.