The article by Tversky, Betrancourt, and Morrison explores the effectiveness of animations in facilitating comprehension, learning, memory, communication, and inference. They argue that while graphics have been used since ancient times to portray spatiovisual information and more recently to represent metaphorically spatiovisual concepts, the efficacy of animated graphics is less clear. The authors review research on the use of static and animated graphics, highlighting that effective graphics should conform to the Congruence Principle, where the content and format of the graphic correspond to the concepts being conveyed. However, animations often fail to meet this principle due to their complexity or speed, which can make them difficult to perceive and understand. The Apprehension Principle, which emphasizes the need for accurate and clear perception and comprehension, is also discussed. The authors conclude that animations may be more effective in conveying continuous changes and microsteps in complex systems, but only if they are carefully designed and used in conjunction with interactivity, which can enhance perception and comprehension. Overall, the article suggests that while animations can be beneficial in certain contexts, their effectiveness is often overshadowed by the limitations of human perception and cognitive processing.The article by Tversky, Betrancourt, and Morrison explores the effectiveness of animations in facilitating comprehension, learning, memory, communication, and inference. They argue that while graphics have been used since ancient times to portray spatiovisual information and more recently to represent metaphorically spatiovisual concepts, the efficacy of animated graphics is less clear. The authors review research on the use of static and animated graphics, highlighting that effective graphics should conform to the Congruence Principle, where the content and format of the graphic correspond to the concepts being conveyed. However, animations often fail to meet this principle due to their complexity or speed, which can make them difficult to perceive and understand. The Apprehension Principle, which emphasizes the need for accurate and clear perception and comprehension, is also discussed. The authors conclude that animations may be more effective in conveying continuous changes and microsteps in complex systems, but only if they are carefully designed and used in conjunction with interactivity, which can enhance perception and comprehension. Overall, the article suggests that while animations can be beneficial in certain contexts, their effectiveness is often overshadowed by the limitations of human perception and cognitive processing.