The 2020 Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry (JRDR) annual survey was sent to 4493 dialysis facilities in Japan. A total of 4437 facilities (98.8%) responded to the facility questionnaire and 4271 (95.1%) responded to the patient questionnaire. The number of chronic dialysis patients in Japan continued to increase, reaching 347,671 at the end of 2020, with a prevalence rate of 2754 patients per million population. The mean age was 69.40 years, and diabetic nephropathy was the most common primary disease among dialysis patients (39.5%), followed by chronic glomerulonephritis (25.3%) and nephrosclerosis (12.1%). There were 40,744 incident dialysis patients in 2020, representing a decrease of 141 from 2019. The average age of patients on dialysis was 70.88 years, with diabetic nephropathy being the most common underlying disease (40.7%), followed by nephrosclerosis (17.5%). There were 34,414 patient deaths in 2020, with a crude mortality rate of 9.9%. The main causes of death were heart failure (22.4%), infection (21.5%), and malignancy (9.0%). Since 2012, the number of patients treated by hemodiafiltration has increased rapidly, reaching 163,825 in 2020, accounting for 47.1% of all patients on maintenance dialysis. The number of patients on peritoneal dialysis has been increasing since 2017, reaching 10,338 in 2020. A total of 751 patients were on home hemodialysis at the end of 2020, representing a decrease of 9 from the end of 2018. In 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and malignancy were added as new items in the survey. The survey also investigated the history of kidney donation for living-donor transplantation. The results indicate that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy has steadily increased, while the prevalence of chronic glomerulonephritis has decreased. The crude mortality rate was 9.9%, with heart failure, infection, and malignancy being the main causes of death. The prevalence of malignancy in dialysis patients was 73.9%, with urological malignancies being the most common among men and breast and endocrine cancers being the most common among women. The interval between kidney donation and dialThe 2020 Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy Renal Data Registry (JRDR) annual survey was sent to 4493 dialysis facilities in Japan. A total of 4437 facilities (98.8%) responded to the facility questionnaire and 4271 (95.1%) responded to the patient questionnaire. The number of chronic dialysis patients in Japan continued to increase, reaching 347,671 at the end of 2020, with a prevalence rate of 2754 patients per million population. The mean age was 69.40 years, and diabetic nephropathy was the most common primary disease among dialysis patients (39.5%), followed by chronic glomerulonephritis (25.3%) and nephrosclerosis (12.1%). There were 40,744 incident dialysis patients in 2020, representing a decrease of 141 from 2019. The average age of patients on dialysis was 70.88 years, with diabetic nephropathy being the most common underlying disease (40.7%), followed by nephrosclerosis (17.5%). There were 34,414 patient deaths in 2020, with a crude mortality rate of 9.9%. The main causes of death were heart failure (22.4%), infection (21.5%), and malignancy (9.0%). Since 2012, the number of patients treated by hemodiafiltration has increased rapidly, reaching 163,825 in 2020, accounting for 47.1% of all patients on maintenance dialysis. The number of patients on peritoneal dialysis has been increasing since 2017, reaching 10,338 in 2020. A total of 751 patients were on home hemodialysis at the end of 2020, representing a decrease of 9 from the end of 2018. In 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and malignancy were added as new items in the survey. The survey also investigated the history of kidney donation for living-donor transplantation. The results indicate that the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy has steadily increased, while the prevalence of chronic glomerulonephritis has decreased. The crude mortality rate was 9.9%, with heart failure, infection, and malignancy being the main causes of death. The prevalence of malignancy in dialysis patients was 73.9%, with urological malignancies being the most common among men and breast and endocrine cancers being the most common among women. The interval between kidney donation and dial