The article "Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Water Environment" by Xu-Xiang Zhang, Tong Zhang, and Herbert H. P. Fang reviews the emerging concern of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. The authors highlight that the widespread use of antibiotics has led to the development of ARGs in various microorganisms, including those found in hospital and animal production wastewaters, sewage, wastewater treatment plants, surface water, groundwater, and even drinking water. The review summarizes the types, distributions, and horizontal transfer of ARGs in these environments, as well as the molecular methods used for their detection, such as PCR, real-time PCR, DNA sequencing, and hybridization techniques. The introduction emphasizes the growing impact of antibiotic residues on aquatic ecosystems and the potential health risks associated with ARGs, particularly through transmission from the environment to humans. The paper also discusses the mechanisms by which ARGs are created, including target bypass and other genetic changes, and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings in this field.The article "Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Water Environment" by Xu-Xiang Zhang, Tong Zhang, and Herbert H. P. Fang reviews the emerging concern of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. The authors highlight that the widespread use of antibiotics has led to the development of ARGs in various microorganisms, including those found in hospital and animal production wastewaters, sewage, wastewater treatment plants, surface water, groundwater, and even drinking water. The review summarizes the types, distributions, and horizontal transfer of ARGs in these environments, as well as the molecular methods used for their detection, such as PCR, real-time PCR, DNA sequencing, and hybridization techniques. The introduction emphasizes the growing impact of antibiotic residues on aquatic ecosystems and the potential health risks associated with ARGs, particularly through transmission from the environment to humans. The paper also discusses the mechanisms by which ARGs are created, including target bypass and other genetic changes, and provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings in this field.