The article reviews the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), particularly buforins, as anticancer agents. AMPs, derived from various sources such as plants, insects, amphibians, and animals, exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and show promise in combating cancers. Buforins, derived from histone H2A, demonstrate antibacterial and anticancer activities, with buforin IIb showing selectivity for cancer cells. The review highlights the structural characteristics of AMPs, their mechanisms of action, and the challenges in their clinical application. Bioconjugation strategies, such as linking buforins with nanoparticles or liposomes, enhance their stability, bioavailability, and specificity, making them promising candidates for targeted cancer treatment. Despite the progress, further research is needed to optimize these strategies and conduct clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy.The article reviews the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), particularly buforins, as anticancer agents. AMPs, derived from various sources such as plants, insects, amphibians, and animals, exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and show promise in combating cancers. Buforins, derived from histone H2A, demonstrate antibacterial and anticancer activities, with buforin IIb showing selectivity for cancer cells. The review highlights the structural characteristics of AMPs, their mechanisms of action, and the challenges in their clinical application. Bioconjugation strategies, such as linking buforins with nanoparticles or liposomes, enhance their stability, bioavailability, and specificity, making them promising candidates for targeted cancer treatment. Despite the progress, further research is needed to optimize these strategies and conduct clinical trials to assess their safety and efficacy.