This review discusses the antimicrobial activities of natural bioactive polyphenols, highlighting their sources, classifications, and biological functions. Polyphenols, found in various plants, have diverse health benefits, including antioxidant, antiallergic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial properties. They are present in foods like dark chocolate, olive oil, red wine, almonds, cashews, walnuts, berries, green tea, apples, artichokes, mushrooms, and other natural sources. The review explores the antimicrobial effects of polyphenols, focusing on their mechanisms of action, such as disrupting cell membranes, inhibiting enzyme activities, and interfering with DNA replication. Examples of polyphenols with antimicrobial properties include curcumin, naringenin, quercetin, catechin, and resveratrol. The review also discusses the antimicrobial activities of polyphenols against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as natural antimicrobial agents and their applications in medicine and food chemistry. The review emphasizes the need for further research to validate the safety and efficacy of polyphenols as antimicrobial agents, supported by reliable scientific data and clinical studies. The study concludes that polyphenols offer promising health benefits and could be valuable in combating microbial infections.This review discusses the antimicrobial activities of natural bioactive polyphenols, highlighting their sources, classifications, and biological functions. Polyphenols, found in various plants, have diverse health benefits, including antioxidant, antiallergic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial properties. They are present in foods like dark chocolate, olive oil, red wine, almonds, cashews, walnuts, berries, green tea, apples, artichokes, mushrooms, and other natural sources. The review explores the antimicrobial effects of polyphenols, focusing on their mechanisms of action, such as disrupting cell membranes, inhibiting enzyme activities, and interfering with DNA replication. Examples of polyphenols with antimicrobial properties include curcumin, naringenin, quercetin, catechin, and resveratrol. The review also discusses the antimicrobial activities of polyphenols against various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. It highlights the potential of polyphenols as natural antimicrobial agents and their applications in medicine and food chemistry. The review emphasizes the need for further research to validate the safety and efficacy of polyphenols as antimicrobial agents, supported by reliable scientific data and clinical studies. The study concludes that polyphenols offer promising health benefits and could be valuable in combating microbial infections.