This review explores the antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil (EO) in human health treatment. Clove EO, rich in eugenol, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The EO's effectiveness is attributed to its ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes, inhibit enzyme activity, and interfere with metabolic processes. It also shows potential against Giardia lamblia, a protozoan causing intestinal infections, and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The study highlights the potential of clove EO in treating various infections, including oral diseases, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. It also discusses the use of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of clove EO, such as through nanofibers and nanoparticles, which improve stability and delivery. The synergy between clove EO and antibiotics like colistin is also noted, as it can enhance antimicrobial activity against MDR pathogens. The review emphasizes the importance of further research to validate the clinical applications of clove EO, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance. It also explores the potential of endophytic bacteria associated with clove plants as sources of bioactive compounds, which could contribute to the development of new antimicrobial agents. Overall, clove EO represents a promising natural alternative for combating infections and addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.This review explores the antimicrobial activity of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil (EO) in human health treatment. Clove EO, rich in eugenol, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The EO's effectiveness is attributed to its ability to disrupt microbial cell membranes, inhibit enzyme activity, and interfere with metabolic processes. It also shows potential against Giardia lamblia, a protozoan causing intestinal infections, and has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects. The study highlights the potential of clove EO in treating various infections, including oral diseases, bacterial vaginosis, and vulvovaginal candidiasis. It also discusses the use of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of clove EO, such as through nanofibers and nanoparticles, which improve stability and delivery. The synergy between clove EO and antibiotics like colistin is also noted, as it can enhance antimicrobial activity against MDR pathogens. The review emphasizes the importance of further research to validate the clinical applications of clove EO, particularly in the context of antibiotic resistance. It also explores the potential of endophytic bacteria associated with clove plants as sources of bioactive compounds, which could contribute to the development of new antimicrobial agents. Overall, clove EO represents a promising natural alternative for combating infections and addressing the global challenge of antibiotic resistance.