This review explores the antimicrobial activity of *Syzygium aromaticum* (clove) essential oil (EO) and its potential applications in treating human infections. Clove EO, primarily composed of eugenol, exhibits significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-stress, anticancer, and anti-nociceptive activities. The review highlights the effectiveness of clove EO against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, such as *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Salmonella typhi*, *Candida albicans*, *Giardia lamblia*, *Streptococcus mutans*, *Porphyromonas gingivalis*, and *Klebsiella pneumoniae*. The antimicrobial activity is attributed to the lipophilic nature of eugenol, which disrupts cell membranes and interferes with microbial metabolism. The review also discusses the use of nanofibers and nanoparticles to enhance the stability and effectiveness of clove EO, as well as its potential in treating oral cavity diseases, candidiasis, and Giardia infections. Additionally, the review suggests that the combination of clove EO with other antimicrobial compounds, such as colistin, can synergize to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of further in vivo studies to fully understand the therapeutic potential of clove EO and the exploration of endophytic bacteria for novel antimicrobial compounds.This review explores the antimicrobial activity of *Syzygium aromaticum* (clove) essential oil (EO) and its potential applications in treating human infections. Clove EO, primarily composed of eugenol, exhibits significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-stress, anticancer, and anti-nociceptive activities. The review highlights the effectiveness of clove EO against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, such as *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Salmonella typhi*, *Candida albicans*, *Giardia lamblia*, *Streptococcus mutans*, *Porphyromonas gingivalis*, and *Klebsiella pneumoniae*. The antimicrobial activity is attributed to the lipophilic nature of eugenol, which disrupts cell membranes and interferes with microbial metabolism. The review also discusses the use of nanofibers and nanoparticles to enhance the stability and effectiveness of clove EO, as well as its potential in treating oral cavity diseases, candidiasis, and Giardia infections. Additionally, the review suggests that the combination of clove EO with other antimicrobial compounds, such as colistin, can synergize to combat multidrug-resistant pathogens. Finally, the review emphasizes the importance of further in vivo studies to fully understand the therapeutic potential of clove EO and the exploration of endophytic bacteria for novel antimicrobial compounds.