This review summarizes the antimicrobial and other pharmacological properties of Ocimum basilicum (basil), a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The plant contains a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and glycosides. These compounds contribute to various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. The review compiles results from numerous studies on Ocimum basilicum extracts, highlighting their potential as medicinal materials with extensive therapeutic capacities. The antibacterial activity of Ocimum basilicum extracts was tested against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts showed strong antibacterial effects, with the highest activity observed in the essential oil. The essential oil demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth, with the highest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, and phenol, as well as terpene compounds like phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, lupeol, and beta-amyrin. The antifungal activity of Ocimum basilicum was tested against various fungal species, including Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans. The ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum showed significant antifungal activity, with the highest inhibition of Fusarium species at a concentration of 1.50% (v/v). The antifungal activity is attributed to the presence of tannins, which can inhibit the growth of microorganisms by precipitating microbial protein and depriving them of nutrients necessary for their growth and development. The antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum was tested using various methods, including the iron thiocyanate method and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum showed comparable antioxidant activity to reference compounds such as BHA, BHT, alpha-tocopherol, and Trolox. The antioxidant activity was attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ocimum basilicum was tested using various models, including paw edema, vascular permeability, granulomatous inflammation, and peritonitis. The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, with the highest activity observed in the essential oil. The anti-inflammatory activity is attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and other secondary metabolThis review summarizes the antimicrobial and other pharmacological properties of Ocimum basilicum (basil), a plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The plant contains a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals, including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids, and glycosides. These compounds contribute to various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, and antiviral properties. The review compiles results from numerous studies on Ocimum basilicum extracts, highlighting their potential as medicinal materials with extensive therapeutic capacities. The antibacterial activity of Ocimum basilicum extracts was tested against various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts showed strong antibacterial effects, with the highest activity observed in the essential oil. The essential oil demonstrated significant inhibition of bacterial growth, with the highest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus. The antibacterial activity is attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, and phenol, as well as terpene compounds like phytol, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, lupeol, and beta-amyrin. The antifungal activity of Ocimum basilicum was tested against various fungal species, including Fusarium oxysporum and Candida albicans. The ethanolic extract of Ocimum basilicum showed significant antifungal activity, with the highest inhibition of Fusarium species at a concentration of 1.50% (v/v). The antifungal activity is attributed to the presence of tannins, which can inhibit the growth of microorganisms by precipitating microbial protein and depriving them of nutrients necessary for their growth and development. The antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum was tested using various methods, including the iron thiocyanate method and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum showed comparable antioxidant activity to reference compounds such as BHA, BHT, alpha-tocopherol, and Trolox. The antioxidant activity was attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ocimum basilicum was tested using various models, including paw edema, vascular permeability, granulomatous inflammation, and peritonitis. The essential oil of Ocimum basilicum showed significant anti-inflammatory effects, with the highest activity observed in the essential oil. The anti-inflammatory activity is attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, and other secondary metabol