Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, with significant impacts on human health and the economy. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need for global surveillance and coordinated action to combat AMR. This review focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR), which is a major concern due to the high rates of resistance in common pathogens and the complexity of its consequences. The review highlights the health and economic impacts of ABR, key risk factors for its emergence, and the resistance patterns of four major pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also discusses measures to control the spread of ABR. The impact of antibiotic resistance is significant, with high mortality rates and substantial economic costs. In the US, over 2 million people are affected by antibiotic-resistant infections annually, with 23,000 deaths. In Europe, multidrug-resistant bacteria cause over 400,000 infections and 25,000 deaths annually. Antibiotic resistance affects various medical procedures, including chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and neonatal care. The economic burden of AMR is also substantial, with estimates of over 55 billion dollars annually in the US. Factors contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance include overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, animal production, and the environment. The review discusses the role of antibiotic use in human medicine, particularly in community and hospital settings, and the impact of self-medication and incorrect knowledge about antibiotics. In food-producing animals, antibiotic use for growth promotion and disease prevention contributes significantly to the spread of resistance. The environment also plays a role, as antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread through contaminated water and soil. The review highlights the increasing resistance of common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major concern, with high resistance rates in hospitals and communities. Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne diseases, with increasing resistance to antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections, with high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Tuberculosis is also affected by antibiotic resistance, with multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-TB) posing a significant challenge. The review emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, coordinated strategies, and the development of new antibiotics and vaccines to combat AMR. It also highlights the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, infection control measures, and public education to reduce the misuse of antibiotics. The review concludes that a global effort is needed to address the growing threat of AMR.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global public health threat, with significant impacts on human health and the economy. The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized the need for global surveillance and coordinated action to combat AMR. This review focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR), which is a major concern due to the high rates of resistance in common pathogens and the complexity of its consequences. The review highlights the health and economic impacts of ABR, key risk factors for its emergence, and the resistance patterns of four major pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Klebsiella pneumoniae, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It also discusses measures to control the spread of ABR. The impact of antibiotic resistance is significant, with high mortality rates and substantial economic costs. In the US, over 2 million people are affected by antibiotic-resistant infections annually, with 23,000 deaths. In Europe, multidrug-resistant bacteria cause over 400,000 infections and 25,000 deaths annually. Antibiotic resistance affects various medical procedures, including chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and neonatal care. The economic burden of AMR is also substantial, with estimates of over 55 billion dollars annually in the US. Factors contributing to the emergence of antibiotic resistance include overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, animal production, and the environment. The review discusses the role of antibiotic use in human medicine, particularly in community and hospital settings, and the impact of self-medication and incorrect knowledge about antibiotics. In food-producing animals, antibiotic use for growth promotion and disease prevention contributes significantly to the spread of resistance. The environment also plays a role, as antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread through contaminated water and soil. The review highlights the increasing resistance of common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major concern, with high resistance rates in hospitals and communities. Non-typhoidal Salmonella is a major cause of foodborne diseases, with increasing resistance to antibiotics. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections, with high resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Tuberculosis is also affected by antibiotic resistance, with multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-TB) posing a significant challenge. The review emphasizes the need for improved surveillance, coordinated strategies, and the development of new antibiotics and vaccines to combat AMR. It also highlights the importance of antimicrobial stewardship, infection control measures, and public education to reduce the misuse of antibiotics. The review concludes that a global effort is needed to address the growing threat of AMR.