Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global public health threat, with the first World Health Organization (WHO) Global report on AMR surveillance published in 2014. This review focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR), which is a major concern due to high resistance rates in common bacterial infections and the complexity of its consequences. The health and economic impacts of ABR are substantial, with an estimated 23,000 deaths annually in the US alone from antibiotic-resistant infections. The review highlights the emergence of resistance in four globally concerning pathogens: *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, non-typhoidal *Salmonella*, and *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. It also discusses the factors contributing to the development of resistance, including overuse and misuse of antibiotics, inappropriate use in veterinary medicine, and environmental factors. The review emphasizes the need for coordinated global efforts to strengthen surveillance, improve antibiotic stewardship, and develop new antibiotics and vaccines to combat AMR.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global public health threat, with the first World Health Organization (WHO) Global report on AMR surveillance published in 2014. This review focuses on antibacterial resistance (ABR), which is a major concern due to high resistance rates in common bacterial infections and the complexity of its consequences. The health and economic impacts of ABR are substantial, with an estimated 23,000 deaths annually in the US alone from antibiotic-resistant infections. The review highlights the emergence of resistance in four globally concerning pathogens: *Staphylococcus aureus*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, non-typhoidal *Salmonella*, and *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*. It also discusses the factors contributing to the development of resistance, including overuse and misuse of antibiotics, inappropriate use in veterinary medicine, and environmental factors. The review emphasizes the need for coordinated global efforts to strengthen surveillance, improve antibiotic stewardship, and develop new antibiotics and vaccines to combat AMR.