The chapter discusses the emerging threat of *Klebsiella pneumoniae* (K. pneumoniae) to public health, highlighting its role as a potent nosocomial pathogen causing various infections. Over the past two decades, K. pneumoniae has become more virulent and antibiotic-resistant due to the acquisition of resistomes on plasmids and transposons. The chapter outlines four main mechanisms of antibacterial resistance: efflux pumps, target alteration, membrane permeability, and enzyme hydrolysis. K. pneumoniae produces various enzymes, including extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemases, and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which render it resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. Therapeutic options for treating infections caused by these extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens are limited, and combination therapy is recommended. The chapter also emphasizes the need for novel diagnostic techniques to identify multi-drug-resistant bacteria and the importance of public awareness, improved hygiene practices, and global surveillance to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The economic and mortality burden of AMR is discussed, with significant impacts in both developed and developing countries, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The chapter concludes by outlining strategies to address AMR, including public education, improved hygiene, reduced antibiotic use in agriculture, global surveillance, and the development of alternative treatments such as vaccines and phage therapy.The chapter discusses the emerging threat of *Klebsiella pneumoniae* (K. pneumoniae) to public health, highlighting its role as a potent nosocomial pathogen causing various infections. Over the past two decades, K. pneumoniae has become more virulent and antibiotic-resistant due to the acquisition of resistomes on plasmids and transposons. The chapter outlines four main mechanisms of antibacterial resistance: efflux pumps, target alteration, membrane permeability, and enzyme hydrolysis. K. pneumoniae produces various enzymes, including extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs), carbapenemases, and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), which render it resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. Therapeutic options for treating infections caused by these extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens are limited, and combination therapy is recommended. The chapter also emphasizes the need for novel diagnostic techniques to identify multi-drug-resistant bacteria and the importance of public awareness, improved hygiene practices, and global surveillance to combat the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The economic and mortality burden of AMR is discussed, with significant impacts in both developed and developing countries, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The chapter concludes by outlining strategies to address AMR, including public education, improved hygiene, reduced antibiotic use in agriculture, global surveillance, and the development of alternative treatments such as vaccines and phage therapy.