The article "Antioxidants in Photoaging: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications" by María José Calvo et al. provides a comprehensive overview of photoaging (PA), a condition caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UVR) radiation from the sun. The skin, a specialized organ, is vulnerable to UVR-induced damage due to its renewal and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. UVR exposure leads to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the activation of cell signaling pathways that disrupt skin integrity and function. The primary mechanisms involved in PA include direct DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity. The scientific community has been exploring therapeutic approaches to counteract PA, focusing on nutraceuticals and phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant and photoprotective effects. The review aims to elucidate the molecular bases of PA and the latest pharmaceutical industry findings on antioxidant treatments. Key topics include the physiological aging process, the role of UVR in PA, the characteristics of UVR, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular signaling pathways responsible for skin integrity loss. Additionally, the article discusses the antioxidant system in the skin and the clinical evidence of natural antioxidants in treating PA. The authors highlight the importance of exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and carotenoids, in preventing and mitigating PA. These antioxidants can reduce ROS-induced damage, inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and promote collagen production. Clinical trials and in vivo studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these antioxidants in treating PA, showing improvements in skin elasticity, hydration, and overall appearance. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research to establish the safety and effectiveness of natural antioxidants in PA treatment. It also underscores the importance of primary prevention measures, such as sunscreens and protective clothing, in reducing the harmful effects of UVR.The article "Antioxidants in Photoaging: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications" by María José Calvo et al. provides a comprehensive overview of photoaging (PA), a condition caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UVR) radiation from the sun. The skin, a specialized organ, is vulnerable to UVR-induced damage due to its renewal and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. UVR exposure leads to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and the activation of cell signaling pathways that disrupt skin integrity and function. The primary mechanisms involved in PA include direct DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, and cytotoxicity. The scientific community has been exploring therapeutic approaches to counteract PA, focusing on nutraceuticals and phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant and photoprotective effects. The review aims to elucidate the molecular bases of PA and the latest pharmaceutical industry findings on antioxidant treatments. Key topics include the physiological aging process, the role of UVR in PA, the characteristics of UVR, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular signaling pathways responsible for skin integrity loss. Additionally, the article discusses the antioxidant system in the skin and the clinical evidence of natural antioxidants in treating PA. The authors highlight the importance of exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and carotenoids, in preventing and mitigating PA. These antioxidants can reduce ROS-induced damage, inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and promote collagen production. Clinical trials and in vivo studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these antioxidants in treating PA, showing improvements in skin elasticity, hydration, and overall appearance. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for continued research to establish the safety and effectiveness of natural antioxidants in PA treatment. It also underscores the importance of primary prevention measures, such as sunscreens and protective clothing, in reducing the harmful effects of UVR.