Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading

Apigenin: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading

20 May 2024 | Valeria Naponelli, Maria Teresa Rocchetti and Domenica Mangieri
Apigenin, a flavonoid, has shown significant therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer metastasis by targeting key molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, cell cycle arrest, and cancer cell death. It modulates signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as oncogenic non-coding RNA networks. Apigenin inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing HIF-1α and VEGF signaling, reducing tumor microvessel density and cancer growth. It also reverses EMT by downregulating EMT markers and upregulating E-cadherin, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Apigenin targets CSCs by inhibiting self-renewal, stemness, and survival pathways, reducing their ability to form spheroids and resist apoptosis. It induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M and G1/S checkpoints by modulating cyclins, CDKs, and p53. Apigenin promotes programmed cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and necroptosis by inducing ROS production, inhibiting survival pathways, and activating caspases. It also suppresses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways, which are critical for cancer cell survival and metastasis. Apigenin's ability to modulate these pathways makes it a promising candidate for cancer therapy.Apigenin, a flavonoid, has shown significant therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer metastasis by targeting key molecular pathways involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, cell cycle arrest, and cancer cell death. It modulates signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as oncogenic non-coding RNA networks. Apigenin inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing HIF-1α and VEGF signaling, reducing tumor microvessel density and cancer growth. It also reverses EMT by downregulating EMT markers and upregulating E-cadherin, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Apigenin targets CSCs by inhibiting self-renewal, stemness, and survival pathways, reducing their ability to form spheroids and resist apoptosis. It induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M and G1/S checkpoints by modulating cyclins, CDKs, and p53. Apigenin promotes programmed cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, and necroptosis by inducing ROS production, inhibiting survival pathways, and activating caspases. It also suppresses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways, which are critical for cancer cell survival and metastasis. Apigenin's ability to modulate these pathways makes it a promising candidate for cancer therapy.
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[slides] Apigenin%3A Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential against Cancer Spreading | StudySpace