Gelatin-based composites have shown great potential in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to support bone regeneration. However, natural gelatin has limitations in mechanical strength and structural properties, prompting its combination with various natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and bioactive ceramics to enhance performance. Modified gelatin scaffolds, including 3D fiber scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, have been explored for their ability to promote bone repair and regeneration. These scaffolds can be tailored to provide mechanical support, cell adhesion, and osteoinductive activity, making them suitable for repairing bone defects. The integration of gelatin with other materials, such as chitosan, silk fibroin, alginate, and hydroxyapatite, has improved mechanical properties, degradation rates, and osteogenic effects. Inorganic materials like bioactive glasses and silver nanoparticles also enhance the scaffolds' antibacterial and osteoinductive properties. Recent advances in 3D printing, 4D printing, and bone organoids have enabled the development of customized scaffolds that better match the complex physiological environment of bone defects. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in achieving optimal mechanical strength, degradation rates, and long-term stability. Future research should focus on improving the performance of gelatin-based composites to meet the needs of various bone defects, including those in postmenopausal osteoporosis and diabetes-related osteoporosis. Overall, gelatin-based composite scaffolds are emerging as a promising solution for bone tissue engineering.Gelatin-based composites have shown great potential in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to support bone regeneration. However, natural gelatin has limitations in mechanical strength and structural properties, prompting its combination with various natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and bioactive ceramics to enhance performance. Modified gelatin scaffolds, including 3D fiber scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, have been explored for their ability to promote bone repair and regeneration. These scaffolds can be tailored to provide mechanical support, cell adhesion, and osteoinductive activity, making them suitable for repairing bone defects. The integration of gelatin with other materials, such as chitosan, silk fibroin, alginate, and hydroxyapatite, has improved mechanical properties, degradation rates, and osteogenic effects. Inorganic materials like bioactive glasses and silver nanoparticles also enhance the scaffolds' antibacterial and osteoinductive properties. Recent advances in 3D printing, 4D printing, and bone organoids have enabled the development of customized scaffolds that better match the complex physiological environment of bone defects. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in achieving optimal mechanical strength, degradation rates, and long-term stability. Future research should focus on improving the performance of gelatin-based composites to meet the needs of various bone defects, including those in postmenopausal osteoporosis and diabetes-related osteoporosis. Overall, gelatin-based composite scaffolds are emerging as a promising solution for bone tissue engineering.