The review discusses the application of gelatin-based composites in bone tissue engineering, highlighting their potential in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Gelatin, a natural biocompatible polymer, is often modified or combined with other materials to enhance its mechanical properties and osteoinductive activity. The review covers the fundamental structure and unique properties of gelatin, as well as the essential characteristics of bone scaffold materials. It explores the use of modified gelatin 3D scaffolds, including nanofiber scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, in bone repair. The effectiveness of composite bone tissue scaffolds composed of modified gelatin and various natural or synthetic polymeric materials, bioactive ceramics, and inorganic metallic/non-metal materials is emphasized. These composites offer improved mechanical properties, osteoinductive activity, and bone microenvironmental regulation, making them promising for bone defect repair. The review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different materials used in bone repair, such as natural polymers (chitosan, silk fibroin, alginate), synthetic polymers (PCL, PLA, PLGA), and inorganic materials (HAp, bioactive glasses, AgNPs, BP nanosheets). Finally, the review highlights the potential of gelatin-based composite scaffolds in preclinical studies and their role in advancing bone tissue engineering.The review discusses the application of gelatin-based composites in bone tissue engineering, highlighting their potential in promoting bone repair and regeneration. Gelatin, a natural biocompatible polymer, is often modified or combined with other materials to enhance its mechanical properties and osteoinductive activity. The review covers the fundamental structure and unique properties of gelatin, as well as the essential characteristics of bone scaffold materials. It explores the use of modified gelatin 3D scaffolds, including nanofiber scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanoparticles, in bone repair. The effectiveness of composite bone tissue scaffolds composed of modified gelatin and various natural or synthetic polymeric materials, bioactive ceramics, and inorganic metallic/non-metal materials is emphasized. These composites offer improved mechanical properties, osteoinductive activity, and bone microenvironmental regulation, making them promising for bone defect repair. The review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different materials used in bone repair, such as natural polymers (chitosan, silk fibroin, alginate), synthetic polymers (PCL, PLA, PLGA), and inorganic materials (HAp, bioactive glasses, AgNPs, BP nanosheets). Finally, the review highlights the potential of gelatin-based composite scaffolds in preclinical studies and their role in advancing bone tissue engineering.