This review discusses the application of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the removal of oxyanions from contaminated water. LDHs are lamellar mixed hydroxides with positively charged layers and anion exchange capacity. They have been studied for their ability to remove harmful oxyanions such as arsenate, chromate, phosphate, and others through surface adsorption and anion exchange. The review covers LDH synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and recent advancements in oxyanion removal using LDHs. It highlights factors influencing oxyanion adsorption, such as pH, competitive anions, temperature, and LDH particle size. The reusability of LDHs and mechanistic studies of oxyanion adsorption are also discussed. The sorption capacities of LDHs for various oxyanions are compared with other adsorbents. The review also identifies shortcomings in current research, such as methodological weaknesses and discrepancies in results. Possible improvements and future applications of LDHs are proposed. LDHs have a large surface area, high anion exchange capacity, and good thermal stability. They have been used in various applications, including catalysis, photochemistry, electrochemistry, and environmental protection. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the structure, composition, and properties of LDHs for their effective use in removing oxyanions from water. The review also discusses the effects of pH, competitive anions, temperature, and the nature of precursor metals on the adsorption of oxyanions by LDHs. The review concludes that LDHs have great potential for the removal of oxyanions from water due to their unique properties and the ability to be reused. The review also highlights the need for further research to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of LDHs in removing oxyanions from water.This review discusses the application of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the removal of oxyanions from contaminated water. LDHs are lamellar mixed hydroxides with positively charged layers and anion exchange capacity. They have been studied for their ability to remove harmful oxyanions such as arsenate, chromate, phosphate, and others through surface adsorption and anion exchange. The review covers LDH synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and recent advancements in oxyanion removal using LDHs. It highlights factors influencing oxyanion adsorption, such as pH, competitive anions, temperature, and LDH particle size. The reusability of LDHs and mechanistic studies of oxyanion adsorption are also discussed. The sorption capacities of LDHs for various oxyanions are compared with other adsorbents. The review also identifies shortcomings in current research, such as methodological weaknesses and discrepancies in results. Possible improvements and future applications of LDHs are proposed. LDHs have a large surface area, high anion exchange capacity, and good thermal stability. They have been used in various applications, including catalysis, photochemistry, electrochemistry, and environmental protection. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the structure, composition, and properties of LDHs for their effective use in removing oxyanions from water. The review also discusses the effects of pH, competitive anions, temperature, and the nature of precursor metals on the adsorption of oxyanions by LDHs. The review concludes that LDHs have great potential for the removal of oxyanions from water due to their unique properties and the ability to be reused. The review also highlights the need for further research to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of LDHs in removing oxyanions from water.