This review article provides an overview of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and recent advancements in the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the removal of oxyanions from contaminated waters. LDHs, which are lamellar mixed hydroxides with positively charged main layers and anion-exchange properties, have shown significant potential in removing harmful oxyanions such as arsenate, chromate, and phosphate. The review discusses the factors influencing the adsorption process, including pH, competitive anions, temperature, LDH particle size, and the nature of the precursor metals and crystallinity of LDHs. It also highlights the importance of the calcination and memory effect in enhancing the adsorption capacity of LDHs. The article compiles experimental studies on the sorption behaviors of LDHs with various oxyanions and the kinetic models used to explain the adsorption rates. Additionally, it addresses the reusability of LDHs and the mechanisms responsible for the adsorption and desorption processes. The review identifies areas of consensus and unresolved issues in the field, proposing potential improvements and future research directions.This review article provides an overview of the synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and recent advancements in the use of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) for the removal of oxyanions from contaminated waters. LDHs, which are lamellar mixed hydroxides with positively charged main layers and anion-exchange properties, have shown significant potential in removing harmful oxyanions such as arsenate, chromate, and phosphate. The review discusses the factors influencing the adsorption process, including pH, competitive anions, temperature, LDH particle size, and the nature of the precursor metals and crystallinity of LDHs. It also highlights the importance of the calcination and memory effect in enhancing the adsorption capacity of LDHs. The article compiles experimental studies on the sorption behaviors of LDHs with various oxyanions and the kinetic models used to explain the adsorption rates. Additionally, it addresses the reusability of LDHs and the mechanisms responsible for the adsorption and desorption processes. The review identifies areas of consensus and unresolved issues in the field, proposing potential improvements and future research directions.