This review discusses the applications, advancements, and challenges of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation. Organ transplantation remains a critical treatment for end-stage organ diseases, but donor shortages and technical limitations hinder progress. 3D bioprinting, a promising technology, enables the creation of complex 3D biological structures with biological functions, offering potential solutions for tissue regeneration and organ reconstruction. The review outlines the development of 3D bioprinting, its working principles, and its applications in the medical field, particularly in organ transplantation. It highlights the challenges in donor shortages and the potential of 3D bioprinting to address these issues. The review also discusses the integration of 3D bioprinting with stem cell technology and organoids, which could advance organ transplantation research. The review covers various 3D bioprinting techniques, including extrusion-based, jetting-based, vat photopolymerization, and magnetic bioprinting, and discusses factors affecting cell viability and printability. The review emphasizes the importance of optimizing printing parameters, bioink properties, and printing techniques to enhance the effectiveness of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation. The review concludes that 3D bioprinting has significant potential to revolutionize organ transplantation by providing new solutions to donor shortages and improving tissue regeneration and organ reconstruction.This review discusses the applications, advancements, and challenges of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation. Organ transplantation remains a critical treatment for end-stage organ diseases, but donor shortages and technical limitations hinder progress. 3D bioprinting, a promising technology, enables the creation of complex 3D biological structures with biological functions, offering potential solutions for tissue regeneration and organ reconstruction. The review outlines the development of 3D bioprinting, its working principles, and its applications in the medical field, particularly in organ transplantation. It highlights the challenges in donor shortages and the potential of 3D bioprinting to address these issues. The review also discusses the integration of 3D bioprinting with stem cell technology and organoids, which could advance organ transplantation research. The review covers various 3D bioprinting techniques, including extrusion-based, jetting-based, vat photopolymerization, and magnetic bioprinting, and discusses factors affecting cell viability and printability. The review emphasizes the importance of optimizing printing parameters, bioink properties, and printing techniques to enhance the effectiveness of 3D bioprinting in organ transplantation. The review concludes that 3D bioprinting has significant potential to revolutionize organ transplantation by providing new solutions to donor shortages and improving tissue regeneration and organ reconstruction.