The article "Nanoscale Thermal Transport. II. 2003–2012" by David G. Cahill et al. provides a comprehensive review of advancements in the field of nanoscale thermal transport from 2003 to 2012. The authors highlight the importance of interfaces in nanoscale thermal transport, emphasizing the role of interfacial chemistry and physics in heat conduction. Key topics include: 1. **Thermal Conductance of Interfaces**: The article discusses the thermal boundary resistance at interfaces between materials, focusing on vibrational thermal energy transport and near-field radiation transport. It reviews theoretical models such as the acoustic mismatch theory (AMT) and the diffusive mismatch model (DMM), and experimental techniques like molecular dynamics simulations to understand interfacial thermal transport. 2. **Thermal Transport in Nanostructures and Devices**: The review explores the physics of phonon transport in nanostructures, including nanowires and graphene. It discusses experimental and theoretical advancements in understanding phonon scattering and wave interference models in these materials. The applications of these findings in information technology and high-power density electronics are also highlighted. 3. **Thermal Conductivity of Nanostuctured Materials**: The article examines the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and disordered crystals, noting the importance of anisotropy in engineered superlattices and natural superlattices. It discusses the role of doping, point defects, and grain boundaries in affecting thermal conductivity. 4. **Metrology and Processing Tools**: The review covers advancements in metrology techniques such as time-domain thermoreflectance and scanning thermal microscopy, which have improved the spatial and temporal resolution of thermal measurements. It also discusses the challenges and limitations of these techniques. 5. **Outlook**: The authors provide an outlook on future research directions, emphasizing the need for continued advancements in the understanding and control of thermal transport at the nanoscale to meet the demands of emerging technologies such as phase change memory, heat-assisted magnetic recording, and thermal management in nanoscale electronics. The article is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in the latest developments and applications of nanoscale thermal transport.The article "Nanoscale Thermal Transport. II. 2003–2012" by David G. Cahill et al. provides a comprehensive review of advancements in the field of nanoscale thermal transport from 2003 to 2012. The authors highlight the importance of interfaces in nanoscale thermal transport, emphasizing the role of interfacial chemistry and physics in heat conduction. Key topics include: 1. **Thermal Conductance of Interfaces**: The article discusses the thermal boundary resistance at interfaces between materials, focusing on vibrational thermal energy transport and near-field radiation transport. It reviews theoretical models such as the acoustic mismatch theory (AMT) and the diffusive mismatch model (DMM), and experimental techniques like molecular dynamics simulations to understand interfacial thermal transport. 2. **Thermal Transport in Nanostructures and Devices**: The review explores the physics of phonon transport in nanostructures, including nanowires and graphene. It discusses experimental and theoretical advancements in understanding phonon scattering and wave interference models in these materials. The applications of these findings in information technology and high-power density electronics are also highlighted. 3. **Thermal Conductivity of Nanostuctured Materials**: The article examines the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites and disordered crystals, noting the importance of anisotropy in engineered superlattices and natural superlattices. It discusses the role of doping, point defects, and grain boundaries in affecting thermal conductivity. 4. **Metrology and Processing Tools**: The review covers advancements in metrology techniques such as time-domain thermoreflectance and scanning thermal microscopy, which have improved the spatial and temporal resolution of thermal measurements. It also discusses the challenges and limitations of these techniques. 5. **Outlook**: The authors provide an outlook on future research directions, emphasizing the need for continued advancements in the understanding and control of thermal transport at the nanoscale to meet the demands of emerging technologies such as phase change memory, heat-assisted magnetic recording, and thermal management in nanoscale electronics. The article is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in the latest developments and applications of nanoscale thermal transport.