The hippocampus is functionally divided into three distinct regions: dorsal, intermediate, and ventral. The dorsal hippocampus, corresponding to the posterior hippocampus in primates, is primarily involved in cognitive functions such as spatial memory and contextual fear conditioning. In contrast, the ventral hippocampus, corresponding to the anterior hippocampus in primates, is associated with emotional processing, stress responses, and affective behaviors. Gene expression patterns support this distinction, with dorsal hippocampus genes correlating with cortical regions involved in information processing, while ventral hippocampus genes correlate with regions involved in emotion and stress (amygdala and hypothalamus). Anatomical projections and connectivity patterns further support this segmentation, with the dorsal hippocampus projecting to areas involved in spatial navigation and the ventral hippocampus projecting to regions involved in emotional and motivational behaviors. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both the dorsal and ventral regions. Recent studies on CA1 and CA3 subregions, as well as the dentate gyrus, provide evidence for this segmentation. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cognitive functions such as memory and spatial navigation, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in emotional and affective processes. The intermediate region serves as a transitional zone between the two. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus's regions than the traditional dorsal and ventral terminology. This segmentation aligns with behavioral evidence and suggests that the hippocampus can be considered as a set of separate structures with distinct functions. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cold cognitive functions, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in hot, affective functions. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus's regions than the traditional dorsal and ventral terminology. This segmentation aligns with behavioral evidence and suggests that the hippocampus can be considered as a set of separate structures with distinct functions. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cold cognitive functions, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in hot, affective functions. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus's regions than the traditional dorsal and ventral terminology. This segmentation aligns with behavioral evidence and suggests that the hippocampus can be considered as a set of separate structures with distinct functions. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cold cognitive functions, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in hot, affective functions. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampusThe hippocampus is functionally divided into three distinct regions: dorsal, intermediate, and ventral. The dorsal hippocampus, corresponding to the posterior hippocampus in primates, is primarily involved in cognitive functions such as spatial memory and contextual fear conditioning. In contrast, the ventral hippocampus, corresponding to the anterior hippocampus in primates, is associated with emotional processing, stress responses, and affective behaviors. Gene expression patterns support this distinction, with dorsal hippocampus genes correlating with cortical regions involved in information processing, while ventral hippocampus genes correlate with regions involved in emotion and stress (amygdala and hypothalamus). Anatomical projections and connectivity patterns further support this segmentation, with the dorsal hippocampus projecting to areas involved in spatial navigation and the ventral hippocampus projecting to regions involved in emotional and motivational behaviors. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both the dorsal and ventral regions. Recent studies on CA1 and CA3 subregions, as well as the dentate gyrus, provide evidence for this segmentation. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cognitive functions such as memory and spatial navigation, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in emotional and affective processes. The intermediate region serves as a transitional zone between the two. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus's regions than the traditional dorsal and ventral terminology. This segmentation aligns with behavioral evidence and suggests that the hippocampus can be considered as a set of separate structures with distinct functions. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cold cognitive functions, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in hot, affective functions. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus's regions than the traditional dorsal and ventral terminology. This segmentation aligns with behavioral evidence and suggests that the hippocampus can be considered as a set of separate structures with distinct functions. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cold cognitive functions, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in hot, affective functions. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus's regions than the traditional dorsal and ventral terminology. This segmentation aligns with behavioral evidence and suggests that the hippocampus can be considered as a set of separate structures with distinct functions. The dorsal hippocampus is involved in cold cognitive functions, while the ventral hippocampus is involved in hot, affective functions. The intermediate region has partially overlapping characteristics with both. The hippocampus's functional segmentation is supported by behavioral, anatomical, and gene expression data, and this model provides a more precise definition of the hippocampus