Area laws for the entanglement entropy – a review

Area laws for the entanglement entropy – a review

12 Feb 2010 | J. Eisert,1,2,3 M. Cramer,3,4 and M.B. Plenio3,4
The article reviews the current status of area laws in quantum many-body systems, focusing on the scaling of entanglement entropy with the boundary area of a subsystem. Area laws, where the entanglement entropy grows linearly with the boundary area rather than the volume, are observed in ground states of local Hamiltonians and have implications for numerical simulations and the distribution of quantum correlations. The review covers one-dimensional systems, including bosonic harmonic chains, fermionic chains, and the XY model, as well as higher-dimensional systems. Key results include rigorous proofs for quasi-free models, the connection between area laws and the velocity of sound in quantum lattice models, and the behavior of entanglement in disordered systems and non-equilibrium situations. The article also discusses the topological entanglement entropy and its relation to black hole entropy, emphasizing the practical importance of area laws in efficient numerical simulations of quantum many-body systems.The article reviews the current status of area laws in quantum many-body systems, focusing on the scaling of entanglement entropy with the boundary area of a subsystem. Area laws, where the entanglement entropy grows linearly with the boundary area rather than the volume, are observed in ground states of local Hamiltonians and have implications for numerical simulations and the distribution of quantum correlations. The review covers one-dimensional systems, including bosonic harmonic chains, fermionic chains, and the XY model, as well as higher-dimensional systems. Key results include rigorous proofs for quasi-free models, the connection between area laws and the velocity of sound in quantum lattice models, and the behavior of entanglement in disordered systems and non-equilibrium situations. The article also discusses the topological entanglement entropy and its relation to black hole entropy, emphasizing the practical importance of area laws in efficient numerical simulations of quantum many-body systems.
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