Artificial Brownian motors are devices that use fluctuations, either thermal or extrinsic, to control diffusive particle transport at the nanoscale. These devices are inspired by biological systems, such as molecular motors in cells, and operate by exploiting asymmetry in potential landscapes or external forces to achieve directed motion. The review discusses various physical and technological setups where Brownian motion plays a constructive role in transport, including artificial nanopores, optical traps, and microfluidic devices. It emphasizes the importance of noise rectification, where fluctuations help overcome energy barriers and enable directed motion. The review also covers recent experimental demonstrations of these concepts, such as measuring single-particle currents in artificial nanopores and optical traps. It highlights the role of geometric constraints and particle interactions in achieving transport in multi-particle systems. Additionally, the review discusses the extension of Brownian motor concepts to quantum systems, where quantum Brownian motion is harnessed for transport. The review also touches on other related topics, such as noise-assisted shuttling of charge, spin, and heat, and the assembly of synthetic molecular motors. The field has seen significant progress, with new applications in microfluidics, superconducting devices, and quantum devices. The review concludes with a perspective on future directions and potential applications of artificial Brownian motors.Artificial Brownian motors are devices that use fluctuations, either thermal or extrinsic, to control diffusive particle transport at the nanoscale. These devices are inspired by biological systems, such as molecular motors in cells, and operate by exploiting asymmetry in potential landscapes or external forces to achieve directed motion. The review discusses various physical and technological setups where Brownian motion plays a constructive role in transport, including artificial nanopores, optical traps, and microfluidic devices. It emphasizes the importance of noise rectification, where fluctuations help overcome energy barriers and enable directed motion. The review also covers recent experimental demonstrations of these concepts, such as measuring single-particle currents in artificial nanopores and optical traps. It highlights the role of geometric constraints and particle interactions in achieving transport in multi-particle systems. Additionally, the review discusses the extension of Brownian motor concepts to quantum systems, where quantum Brownian motion is harnessed for transport. The review also touches on other related topics, such as noise-assisted shuttling of charge, spin, and heat, and the assembly of synthetic molecular motors. The field has seen significant progress, with new applications in microfluidics, superconducting devices, and quantum devices. The review concludes with a perspective on future directions and potential applications of artificial Brownian motors.