Artificial cells for in vivo biomedical applications through red blood cell biomimicry Recent research in artificial cell production shows promise for developing delivery agents with therapeutic effects similar to real cells. To succeed in these applications, these systems must survive the circulatory conditions. This review presents strategies inspired by the endurance of red blood cells (RBCs) to enhance the viability of large, cell-like vehicles for in vivo therapeutic use, particularly focusing on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Insights from RBCs can guide modifications that could transform these platforms into advanced drug delivery vehicles, showcasing biomimicry's potential in shaping the future of therapeutic applications. Artificial cells are cell-like compartments that can replicate at least one of the basic properties of cells, such as compartmentalization, storage and replication of information, exchange of mass and energy, self-organization, and regulation of spatiotemporal features. Although compartmentalization has been demonstrated in many systems, the most promising approach to replicate cell functions is to build a compartment with a lipid membrane hosting functional membrane proteins. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are ideal candidates for this purpose due to their size and curvature being most similar to eukaryotic cells. Despite their attractive features, GUVs have not progressed into major translational applications, unlike their smaller counterparts, large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), which have been used in numerous clinical applications. This review highlights efforts to produce therapeutic GUVs using a biomimetic approach, focusing on the biomimicry of human RBCs, which can remain in circulation for up to 120 days. The key aspects that provide RBCs with exceptional biocompatibility, such as size, shape, lipid composition, osmotic balance, and macromolecular crowding, are discussed, along with how these features can be mimicked within a GUV platform. Several RBC-mimicking carriers based on different systems, including GUVs, LUVs, and modified RBCs, are reviewed and compared. The review also lists important properties beyond advancements in RBC biomimicry needed to drive the field of therapeutic artificial cells forward. The review discusses the production of GUVs, highlighting the state of the art and limitations of various methods, including lipid film hydration, inverted emulsion transfer, and microfluidic methods. It also discusses the in vitro and in vivo applications of GUVs, including their use in targeted drug delivery, sensing, and therapeutic applications. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of artificial cells based on GUVs and the challenges in their long-term in vivo survival. It also discusses the biomimicry of RBCs, focusing on their morphology, mechanics, membrane composition, osmotic balance, and macromolecular crowding. The review concludes that RBC biomimicry can be used to improve the longevity ofArtificial cells for in vivo biomedical applications through red blood cell biomimicry Recent research in artificial cell production shows promise for developing delivery agents with therapeutic effects similar to real cells. To succeed in these applications, these systems must survive the circulatory conditions. This review presents strategies inspired by the endurance of red blood cells (RBCs) to enhance the viability of large, cell-like vehicles for in vivo therapeutic use, particularly focusing on giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Insights from RBCs can guide modifications that could transform these platforms into advanced drug delivery vehicles, showcasing biomimicry's potential in shaping the future of therapeutic applications. Artificial cells are cell-like compartments that can replicate at least one of the basic properties of cells, such as compartmentalization, storage and replication of information, exchange of mass and energy, self-organization, and regulation of spatiotemporal features. Although compartmentalization has been demonstrated in many systems, the most promising approach to replicate cell functions is to build a compartment with a lipid membrane hosting functional membrane proteins. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are ideal candidates for this purpose due to their size and curvature being most similar to eukaryotic cells. Despite their attractive features, GUVs have not progressed into major translational applications, unlike their smaller counterparts, large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), which have been used in numerous clinical applications. This review highlights efforts to produce therapeutic GUVs using a biomimetic approach, focusing on the biomimicry of human RBCs, which can remain in circulation for up to 120 days. The key aspects that provide RBCs with exceptional biocompatibility, such as size, shape, lipid composition, osmotic balance, and macromolecular crowding, are discussed, along with how these features can be mimicked within a GUV platform. Several RBC-mimicking carriers based on different systems, including GUVs, LUVs, and modified RBCs, are reviewed and compared. The review also lists important properties beyond advancements in RBC biomimicry needed to drive the field of therapeutic artificial cells forward. The review discusses the production of GUVs, highlighting the state of the art and limitations of various methods, including lipid film hydration, inverted emulsion transfer, and microfluidic methods. It also discusses the in vitro and in vivo applications of GUVs, including their use in targeted drug delivery, sensing, and therapeutic applications. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of artificial cells based on GUVs and the challenges in their long-term in vivo survival. It also discusses the biomimicry of RBCs, focusing on their morphology, mechanics, membrane composition, osmotic balance, and macromolecular crowding. The review concludes that RBC biomimicry can be used to improve the longevity of