The paper presents a new inventory of air pollutant emissions in Asia for the year 2006, developed to support the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B) funded by NASA. The inventory estimates emissions from all major anthropogenic sources, excluding biomass burning, and focuses on China due to its dominant role in Asian pollutant outflow to the Pacific. The total Asian anthropogenic emissions for 2006 are estimated as follows: 47.1 Tg SO₂, 36.7 Tg NOₓ, 298.2 Tg CO, 54.6 Tg NMVOC, 29.2 Tg PM₁₀, 22.2 Tg PM₂.₅, 2.97 Tg BC, and 6.57 Tg OC. The paper highlights improvements in methodology, including a detailed technology-based approach, dynamic methodology representing rapid technology renewal, critical examination of energy statistics, and a new scheme for NMVOC speciation. China's emissions are estimated to be 31.0 Tg SO₂, 20.8 Tg NOₓ, 166.9 Tg CO, 23.2 Tg NMVOC, 18.2 Tg PM₁₀, 13.3 Tg PM₂.₅, 1.8 Tg BC, and 3.2 Tg OC for 2006, showing significant increases from 2001. The emission increases are attributed to economic growth and infrastructure investments, but technology improvements and emission control measures have offset some of the growth. The paper also discusses the seasonal variations and spatial distribution of emissions, and provides gridded data at a resolution of 30 min × 30 min.The paper presents a new inventory of air pollutant emissions in Asia for the year 2006, developed to support the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B) funded by NASA. The inventory estimates emissions from all major anthropogenic sources, excluding biomass burning, and focuses on China due to its dominant role in Asian pollutant outflow to the Pacific. The total Asian anthropogenic emissions for 2006 are estimated as follows: 47.1 Tg SO₂, 36.7 Tg NOₓ, 298.2 Tg CO, 54.6 Tg NMVOC, 29.2 Tg PM₁₀, 22.2 Tg PM₂.₅, 2.97 Tg BC, and 6.57 Tg OC. The paper highlights improvements in methodology, including a detailed technology-based approach, dynamic methodology representing rapid technology renewal, critical examination of energy statistics, and a new scheme for NMVOC speciation. China's emissions are estimated to be 31.0 Tg SO₂, 20.8 Tg NOₓ, 166.9 Tg CO, 23.2 Tg NMVOC, 18.2 Tg PM₁₀, 13.3 Tg PM₂.₅, 1.8 Tg BC, and 3.2 Tg OC for 2006, showing significant increases from 2001. The emission increases are attributed to economic growth and infrastructure investments, but technology improvements and emission control measures have offset some of the growth. The paper also discusses the seasonal variations and spatial distribution of emissions, and provides gridded data at a resolution of 30 min × 30 min.