This study investigates gender differences in food preferences and eating habits among a large Italian population sample. The survey, conducted online, included questions on food tastes, meal preferences, eating habits, and sport involvement. The results reveal significant gender-specific dietary tendencies among 2,198 participants (1,314 females and 884 males, average age 41.1 ± 12.7 years). Men prefer red and processed meats, with higher consumption rates than women. Women, on the other hand, show a greater inclination towards vegetables, whole grains, tofu, and high-cocoa-content dark chocolate, aligning with healthier food choices. Eating behaviors also differ, with women eating more frequently and reporting higher levels of hunger in the morning, while men tend to skip snacks. Men are more likely to eat quickly and dine out. Women report eating uncontrollably more frequently than men. In terms of sports preferences, men prefer strength training and endurance sports, while women prefer endurance sports and skill sports. These findings highlight the complex interplay of biological, cultural, and gender-based factors in shaping dietary preferences and eating behaviors, emphasizing the need for personalized nutritional strategies and targeted public health interventions.This study investigates gender differences in food preferences and eating habits among a large Italian population sample. The survey, conducted online, included questions on food tastes, meal preferences, eating habits, and sport involvement. The results reveal significant gender-specific dietary tendencies among 2,198 participants (1,314 females and 884 males, average age 41.1 ± 12.7 years). Men prefer red and processed meats, with higher consumption rates than women. Women, on the other hand, show a greater inclination towards vegetables, whole grains, tofu, and high-cocoa-content dark chocolate, aligning with healthier food choices. Eating behaviors also differ, with women eating more frequently and reporting higher levels of hunger in the morning, while men tend to skip snacks. Men are more likely to eat quickly and dine out. Women report eating uncontrollably more frequently than men. In terms of sports preferences, men prefer strength training and endurance sports, while women prefer endurance sports and skill sports. These findings highlight the complex interplay of biological, cultural, and gender-based factors in shaping dietary preferences and eating behaviors, emphasizing the need for personalized nutritional strategies and targeted public health interventions.