The paper "Assessing the Benefits and Risks of Quantum Computers" by Travis L. Scholten et al. reviews the current state and potential future implications of quantum computing, focusing on its economic benefits and national security risks. The authors highlight that while quantum computers are not yet capable of posing significant security threats, they are developing new methods such as variational algorithms, error mitigation, and circuit knitting that could enable practical quantum computing in the near future. They argue that these methods do not significantly alter the resources required for cryptanalysis of current cryptographic systems, and that transitioning to quantum-safe cryptographic protocols can mitigate cybersecurity risks. The paper concludes that quantum computers are likely to be useful for economic purposes before they pose a significant cryptographic threat, emphasizing the need for organizations and policymakers to balance the benefits and risks of quantum technology.The paper "Assessing the Benefits and Risks of Quantum Computers" by Travis L. Scholten et al. reviews the current state and potential future implications of quantum computing, focusing on its economic benefits and national security risks. The authors highlight that while quantum computers are not yet capable of posing significant security threats, they are developing new methods such as variational algorithms, error mitigation, and circuit knitting that could enable practical quantum computing in the near future. They argue that these methods do not significantly alter the resources required for cryptanalysis of current cryptographic systems, and that transitioning to quantum-safe cryptographic protocols can mitigate cybersecurity risks. The paper concludes that quantum computers are likely to be useful for economic purposes before they pose a significant cryptographic threat, emphasizing the need for organizations and policymakers to balance the benefits and risks of quantum technology.