The article discusses the debate over whether human activities or climatic changes were primarily responsible for the extinction of Pleistocene megafauna on different continents. Evidence from paleontology, climatology, archaeology, and ecology supports the idea that humans contributed to extinction on some continents, but human hunting was not solely responsible. The intersection of human impacts with pronounced climatic changes drove the timing and geography of extinction in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, the story is still unfolding, with new evidence from Australia suggesting human involvement but a weaker correlation with climate. The authors emphasize the need for better chronologies, more realistic ecological models, and regional paleoecological insights to understand the worldwide extinction pattern and the population dynamics of the species involved. They also highlight the importance of understanding the complex interactions between human and climatic factors in driving megafaunal extinctions.The article discusses the debate over whether human activities or climatic changes were primarily responsible for the extinction of Pleistocene megafauna on different continents. Evidence from paleontology, climatology, archaeology, and ecology supports the idea that humans contributed to extinction on some continents, but human hunting was not solely responsible. The intersection of human impacts with pronounced climatic changes drove the timing and geography of extinction in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere, the story is still unfolding, with new evidence from Australia suggesting human involvement but a weaker correlation with climate. The authors emphasize the need for better chronologies, more realistic ecological models, and regional paleoecological insights to understand the worldwide extinction pattern and the population dynamics of the species involved. They also highlight the importance of understanding the complex interactions between human and climatic factors in driving megafaunal extinctions.