Solar energy production, while promising as a renewable energy source, presents environmental health and safety (EHS) risks that need thorough assessment. This review examines the environmental and safety impacts of solar energy production, including the life cycle assessment of photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar thermal systems. Key considerations include energy and resource use in manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, and end-of-life disposal or recycling of solar panels. Additionally, the potential for land use change, habitat disruption, and biodiversity loss due to large-scale solar installations is addressed. Safety risks include occupational hazards for workers in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and decommissioning, such as exposure to hazardous materials like lead and cadmium, and risks of falls, electrical hazards, and other workplace accidents. Emerging technologies and best practices aim to mitigate these EHS risks, including advancements in PV panel recycling, improvements in manufacturing processes, and enhanced safety protocols and training for workers. While solar energy offers significant environmental and economic benefits, it is essential to comprehensively assess and manage its EHS risks throughout its life cycle. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research, innovation, and regulatory oversight to ensure the sustainable and safe deployment of solar energy technologies in the transition towards a low-carbon future.Solar energy production, while promising as a renewable energy source, presents environmental health and safety (EHS) risks that need thorough assessment. This review examines the environmental and safety impacts of solar energy production, including the life cycle assessment of photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar thermal systems. Key considerations include energy and resource use in manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, and end-of-life disposal or recycling of solar panels. Additionally, the potential for land use change, habitat disruption, and biodiversity loss due to large-scale solar installations is addressed. Safety risks include occupational hazards for workers in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and decommissioning, such as exposure to hazardous materials like lead and cadmium, and risks of falls, electrical hazards, and other workplace accidents. Emerging technologies and best practices aim to mitigate these EHS risks, including advancements in PV panel recycling, improvements in manufacturing processes, and enhanced safety protocols and training for workers. While solar energy offers significant environmental and economic benefits, it is essential to comprehensively assess and manage its EHS risks throughout its life cycle. This review underscores the importance of ongoing research, innovation, and regulatory oversight to ensure the sustainable and safe deployment of solar energy technologies in the transition towards a low-carbon future.