Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often begins in early childhood and is part of the 'atopic march,' a sequence of allergic disorders. Genetic mutations affecting skin barrier function, such as those in the *FLG* gene, and environmental factors contribute to the development of AD. The disease is characterized by red, dry, cracked, or scaly skin, and it can lead to asthma and allergic rhinitis later in life. Breastfeeding and partially hydrolyzed whey formulas are protective factors, while early exposure to allergens and environmental factors like soap and detergents can exacerbate the condition. Modulating gut flora with pre- and probiotics and protecting the skin barrier are important strategies for prevention. The increasing prevalence of AD, particularly in low-income countries, highlights the need for better understanding and prevention of this multifactorial disease.Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often begins in early childhood and is part of the 'atopic march,' a sequence of allergic disorders. Genetic mutations affecting skin barrier function, such as those in the *FLG* gene, and environmental factors contribute to the development of AD. The disease is characterized by red, dry, cracked, or scaly skin, and it can lead to asthma and allergic rhinitis later in life. Breastfeeding and partially hydrolyzed whey formulas are protective factors, while early exposure to allergens and environmental factors like soap and detergents can exacerbate the condition. Modulating gut flora with pre- and probiotics and protecting the skin barrier are important strategies for prevention. The increasing prevalence of AD, particularly in low-income countries, highlights the need for better understanding and prevention of this multifactorial disease.