This study assesses the intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among a representative sample of U.S. adults and identifies predictors of vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 16 to 20, 2020, with 991 participants from the AmeriSpeak panel. Overall, 57.6% intended to be vaccinated, 31.6% were unsure, and 10.8% did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included younger age, Black race, lower educational attainment, and not having received the influenza vaccine in the prior year. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included specific concerns about the vaccine, a need for more information, antivaccine attitudes or beliefs, and lack of trust. The findings highlight the need for targeted and multi-pronged efforts to increase acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, particularly among underserved and minority populations.This study assesses the intent to be vaccinated against COVID-19 among a representative sample of U.S. adults and identifies predictors of vaccine hesitancy. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 16 to 20, 2020, with 991 participants from the AmeriSpeak panel. Overall, 57.6% intended to be vaccinated, 31.6% were unsure, and 10.8% did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included younger age, Black race, lower educational attainment, and not having received the influenza vaccine in the prior year. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy included specific concerns about the vaccine, a need for more information, antivaccine attitudes or beliefs, and lack of trust. The findings highlight the need for targeted and multi-pronged efforts to increase acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine, particularly among underserved and minority populations.