A 15-year follow-up study reevaluated the attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, finding it to be 49% (95% CI, 38%–60%), higher than the previously reported 38% from a 1983–1986 study. The study matched 108 cases of nosocomial candidemia with 108 controls based on age, sex, admission date, underlying disease, and surgical procedures. Cases had a crude mortality of 61%, compared with 12% for controls, resulting in an attributable mortality of 49%. Despite changes in antifungal use and Candida species epidemiology, the high mortality remains due to the severity of the infection, not underlying disease alone. Candida species are the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals. The study found that C. albicans was the most common species, with 63% of cases. Fluconazole susceptibility varied, with most isolates being susceptible or dose-dependent. The median time from admission to candidemia onset was 13 days, and the mean duration of antifungal therapy was 16.5 days. Cases who received antifungal therapy had a higher mortality rate than those who did not, but the difference was not statistically significant. The study also found that the 30-day attributable mortality was 38%, and the median time from T0 to death was 9 days for cases and 13 days for controls. The risk ratio for death among cases compared to controls was 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9–8.6). The high mortality rate was attributed to the severity of the infection, not the underlying disease. The study concluded that prevention of candidemia is more effective in reducing mortality than improving treatment regimens. Prevention strategies, such as improving central venous catheter care and controlling antibiotic use, are recommended to reduce the incidence of candidemia.A 15-year follow-up study reevaluated the attributable mortality of nosocomial candidemia, finding it to be 49% (95% CI, 38%–60%), higher than the previously reported 38% from a 1983–1986 study. The study matched 108 cases of nosocomial candidemia with 108 controls based on age, sex, admission date, underlying disease, and surgical procedures. Cases had a crude mortality of 61%, compared with 12% for controls, resulting in an attributable mortality of 49%. Despite changes in antifungal use and Candida species epidemiology, the high mortality remains due to the severity of the infection, not underlying disease alone. Candida species are the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals. The study found that C. albicans was the most common species, with 63% of cases. Fluconazole susceptibility varied, with most isolates being susceptible or dose-dependent. The median time from admission to candidemia onset was 13 days, and the mean duration of antifungal therapy was 16.5 days. Cases who received antifungal therapy had a higher mortality rate than those who did not, but the difference was not statistically significant. The study also found that the 30-day attributable mortality was 38%, and the median time from T0 to death was 9 days for cases and 13 days for controls. The risk ratio for death among cases compared to controls was 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9–8.6). The high mortality rate was attributed to the severity of the infection, not the underlying disease. The study concluded that prevention of candidemia is more effective in reducing mortality than improving treatment regimens. Prevention strategies, such as improving central venous catheter care and controlling antibiotic use, are recommended to reduce the incidence of candidemia.