This article presents a comprehensive material flow analysis of Australia's economy in 2019, examining domestic extraction, trade, end-of-life flows, and recycling. The study highlights Australia's role as a natural resource supplier, with metals and fossil fuels being primary contributors. In 2019, Australia extracted 2587 Mt of natural resources, exported 1459 Mt, and used 917 Mt for domestic needs. The recycling flows and circularity metrics are also explored, with an end-of-life recycling rate of 51.1% and an overall circularity rate of 5.1%. The consumption-based material footprint analysis reveals that mobility and housing are the dominant material-intensive sectors. The study contributes to understanding Australia's material consumption patterns and provides insights into enhancing economic circularity. The findings are relevant for policy makers and researchers interested in the circular economy and sustainable development in Australia.This article presents a comprehensive material flow analysis of Australia's economy in 2019, examining domestic extraction, trade, end-of-life flows, and recycling. The study highlights Australia's role as a natural resource supplier, with metals and fossil fuels being primary contributors. In 2019, Australia extracted 2587 Mt of natural resources, exported 1459 Mt, and used 917 Mt for domestic needs. The recycling flows and circularity metrics are also explored, with an end-of-life recycling rate of 51.1% and an overall circularity rate of 5.1%. The consumption-based material footprint analysis reveals that mobility and housing are the dominant material-intensive sectors. The study contributes to understanding Australia's material consumption patterns and provides insights into enhancing economic circularity. The findings are relevant for policy makers and researchers interested in the circular economy and sustainable development in Australia.