Autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were found to predict the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in a study of 30 Finnish men with accelerated two-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis and 30 age-matched controls without progression. The study showed that cases had significantly higher antibody titres to MDA-modified LDL compared to controls, even after adjusting for variables such as smoking, LDL cholesterol, and serum copper concentration. The titre of autoantibodies to MDA-LDL was an independent predictor of carotid atherosclerosis progression. The study also found that the titre of autoantibodies to MDA-LDL correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily, blood haemoglobin, and serum copper concentration. These findings support the role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherogenesis. The study highlights the importance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in atherogenesis and suggests that lipid peroxidation plays a role in atherogenesis. The study is the first prospective evidence in humans for an in-vivo role of lipid peroxidation in atherogenesis.Autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were found to predict the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in a study of 30 Finnish men with accelerated two-year progression of carotid atherosclerosis and 30 age-matched controls without progression. The study showed that cases had significantly higher antibody titres to MDA-modified LDL compared to controls, even after adjusting for variables such as smoking, LDL cholesterol, and serum copper concentration. The titre of autoantibodies to MDA-LDL was an independent predictor of carotid atherosclerosis progression. The study also found that the titre of autoantibodies to MDA-LDL correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily, blood haemoglobin, and serum copper concentration. These findings support the role of oxidatively modified LDL in atherogenesis. The study highlights the importance of pro-oxidants and antioxidants in atherogenesis and suggests that lipid peroxidation plays a role in atherogenesis. The study is the first prospective evidence in humans for an in-vivo role of lipid peroxidation in atherogenesis.