The article "Autonomous Robotic Surgery: Has the Future Arrived?" by Rivero-Moreno et al. provides a comprehensive review of the current state and future prospects of autonomous robotic surgery. The authors begin by defining the field, highlighting the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into surgical procedures, which has led to the development of autonomous robotic systems capable of performing various surgical tasks with varying degrees of autonomy. The review covers the historical evolution of robotic surgery, from the early teleoperated systems like the da Vinci system to more advanced autonomous systems. It discusses the milestones in the development of autonomous robotic surgery, including the introduction of systems capable of performing specific surgical activities, such as venipuncture, hair implantations, intestinal anastomosis, and total knee replacement. The article also addresses the benefits and risks of autonomous robotic surgery, emphasizing the potential for higher precision, intelligent maneuvers, and reduced tissue damage. However, it notes that the lack of haptics (touch sense) remains a significant barrier to broader adoption. The authors discuss the legal and ethical considerations surrounding the use of autonomous surgical robots, including issues of accountability, liability, and culpability. The review highlights the current applications of autonomous robotic surgery, such as the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) for bowel anastomosis, TSolution One for bone carving, Veebot for blood sample collection, and the ARTAS system for hair restoration. It also mentions the CyberKnife robot for radiosurgery. Despite the advancements, the article acknowledges several limitations, including the complexity of handling intricate surgical procedures, the need for real-time decision-making, and the challenges in adapting to unforeseen surgical scenarios. The high cost and limited availability of these systems in resource-limited settings are also discussed. Finally, the authors conclude that while autonomous robotic surgery holds significant promise, ongoing research and technological advancements are necessary to address the limitations and fully realize its potential. They emphasize that the role of surgeons will not be replaced but rather enhanced by these technologies, working alongside them to improve surgical outcomes and patient care.The article "Autonomous Robotic Surgery: Has the Future Arrived?" by Rivero-Moreno et al. provides a comprehensive review of the current state and future prospects of autonomous robotic surgery. The authors begin by defining the field, highlighting the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into surgical procedures, which has led to the development of autonomous robotic systems capable of performing various surgical tasks with varying degrees of autonomy. The review covers the historical evolution of robotic surgery, from the early teleoperated systems like the da Vinci system to more advanced autonomous systems. It discusses the milestones in the development of autonomous robotic surgery, including the introduction of systems capable of performing specific surgical activities, such as venipuncture, hair implantations, intestinal anastomosis, and total knee replacement. The article also addresses the benefits and risks of autonomous robotic surgery, emphasizing the potential for higher precision, intelligent maneuvers, and reduced tissue damage. However, it notes that the lack of haptics (touch sense) remains a significant barrier to broader adoption. The authors discuss the legal and ethical considerations surrounding the use of autonomous surgical robots, including issues of accountability, liability, and culpability. The review highlights the current applications of autonomous robotic surgery, such as the Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (STAR) for bowel anastomosis, TSolution One for bone carving, Veebot for blood sample collection, and the ARTAS system for hair restoration. It also mentions the CyberKnife robot for radiosurgery. Despite the advancements, the article acknowledges several limitations, including the complexity of handling intricate surgical procedures, the need for real-time decision-making, and the challenges in adapting to unforeseen surgical scenarios. The high cost and limited availability of these systems in resource-limited settings are also discussed. Finally, the authors conclude that while autonomous robotic surgery holds significant promise, ongoing research and technological advancements are necessary to address the limitations and fully realize its potential. They emphasize that the role of surgeons will not be replaced but rather enhanced by these technologies, working alongside them to improve surgical outcomes and patient care.