The article discusses the role of autophagy in cancer therapy, particularly in response to chemotherapy. Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, can either promote or inhibit cell survival and death, depending on the context. The authors highlight that autophagy induction can either enhance or reduce the efficacy of anticancer drugs, depending on the type of cancer and the treatment used. They review various mechanisms by which autophagy influences chemotherapy resistance, including the activation of survival pathways and the induction of autophagic cell death. The article also explores the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance and improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Key findings include the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are autophagy inhibitors, to enhance the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical models. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to understand the complex role of autophagy in cancer therapy and to develop more effective strategies to exploit this pathway.The article discusses the role of autophagy in cancer therapy, particularly in response to chemotherapy. Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, can either promote or inhibit cell survival and death, depending on the context. The authors highlight that autophagy induction can either enhance or reduce the efficacy of anticancer drugs, depending on the type of cancer and the treatment used. They review various mechanisms by which autophagy influences chemotherapy resistance, including the activation of survival pathways and the induction of autophagic cell death. The article also explores the potential of targeting autophagy as a therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance and improve clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Key findings include the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are autophagy inhibitors, to enhance the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical models. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for further research to understand the complex role of autophagy in cancer therapy and to develop more effective strategies to exploit this pathway.