This review provides an overview of the global distribution, prevalence, and genetic diversity of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (AIBV) across different continents. AIBV is a member of the Gamma coronavirus genus, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to its impact on respiratory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal systems. The virus has a complex genome structure, with multiple open reading frames (ORFs) encoding structural and non-structural proteins, including the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The S protein is the largest glycoprotein and plays a critical role in viral entry and host cell attachment. The review discusses the genotypic prevalence of AIBV across continents, highlighting the identification of various genotypes and lineages. In North America, genotypes such as GI-9, GI-27, and GI-17 have been widely reported, with GI-17 being particularly prevalent in the eastern United States. In South America, genotypes GI-11 and GI-16 are common, with GI-16 being prevalent in many countries. In Europe, the GI-19 genotype has become increasingly important, while in Africa, GI-26 is considered indigenous. Asia is home to several unique genotypes, including GI-7, GI-15, and GI-24, with GI-19 being the most prevalent in China. In Australia and New Zealand, unique lineages such as GI-5 and GI-6 are found, while in Southeast Asia, GI-1, GI-13, and GI-19 are common. The review also highlights the emergence of new genotypes, such as the "IBADAN" genotype in Africa and the GVI-1 genotype in China. These genotypes have distinct genetic characteristics and may have different pathogenicity and tissue tropism profiles. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the genetic diversity of AIBV to develop effective vaccines and control strategies. The review concludes that AIBV is a highly variable virus, with different genotypes exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity and tissue tropism, making it a complex challenge for the poultry industry.This review provides an overview of the global distribution, prevalence, and genetic diversity of Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (AIBV) across different continents. AIBV is a member of the Gamma coronavirus genus, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to its impact on respiratory, reproductive, and gastrointestinal systems. The virus has a complex genome structure, with multiple open reading frames (ORFs) encoding structural and non-structural proteins, including the spike (S), membrane (M), envelope (E), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The S protein is the largest glycoprotein and plays a critical role in viral entry and host cell attachment. The review discusses the genotypic prevalence of AIBV across continents, highlighting the identification of various genotypes and lineages. In North America, genotypes such as GI-9, GI-27, and GI-17 have been widely reported, with GI-17 being particularly prevalent in the eastern United States. In South America, genotypes GI-11 and GI-16 are common, with GI-16 being prevalent in many countries. In Europe, the GI-19 genotype has become increasingly important, while in Africa, GI-26 is considered indigenous. Asia is home to several unique genotypes, including GI-7, GI-15, and GI-24, with GI-19 being the most prevalent in China. In Australia and New Zealand, unique lineages such as GI-5 and GI-6 are found, while in Southeast Asia, GI-1, GI-13, and GI-19 are common. The review also highlights the emergence of new genotypes, such as the "IBADAN" genotype in Africa and the GVI-1 genotype in China. These genotypes have distinct genetic characteristics and may have different pathogenicity and tissue tropism profiles. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the genetic diversity of AIBV to develop effective vaccines and control strategies. The review concludes that AIBV is a highly variable virus, with different genotypes exhibiting varying degrees of pathogenicity and tissue tropism, making it a complex challenge for the poultry industry.