Breast cancer remains a significant global health issue, being the most common cancer and leading cause of mortality among women. The disease's prevalence varies widely across different regions, with higher rates in developed countries compared to developing ones. Early detection through screening and advancements in imaging techniques have improved recognition and treatment outcomes. The review covers the anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology, pathogenesis, stages, diagnostic investigations, and various treatment options, including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy, and stem-cell therapy. It also discusses the psychological impact of breast cancer and the importance of early detection and management strategies.Breast cancer remains a significant global health issue, being the most common cancer and leading cause of mortality among women. The disease's prevalence varies widely across different regions, with higher rates in developed countries compared to developing ones. Early detection through screening and advancements in imaging techniques have improved recognition and treatment outcomes. The review covers the anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology, pathogenesis, stages, diagnostic investigations, and various treatment options, including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy, and stem-cell therapy. It also discusses the psychological impact of breast cancer and the importance of early detection and management strategies.