This review discusses the awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer, highlighting its global significance as the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease, with 23% of all cancer deaths attributed to it in postmenopausal women. Despite advancements in breast imaging and public awareness, many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages due to women's neglect of self-examination and clinical evaluation. The review covers the anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology, pathogenesis, stages, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for breast cancer, including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy, and stem-cell therapy. Breast cancer is classified into non-invasive and invasive types, with non-invasive types such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) being less aggressive. Invasive breast cancer includes various subtypes like infiltrating lobular carcinoma, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, and inflammatory breast cancer. The pathogenesis of breast cancer involves genetic and environmental factors, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes playing a significant role in hereditary breast cancer. Risk factors include age, obesity, hormonal factors, reproductive history, and family history. Breast cancer diagnosis involves clinical history, physical examination, self-examination, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and MRI. Tumor markers such as CA 15-3 and CA 27.29 are used for monitoring. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Psychological adjustment is also crucial for patients, as breast cancer can significantly impact their emotional well-being. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection, awareness, and comprehensive treatment strategies to improve outcomes for breast cancer patients globally.This review discusses the awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer, highlighting its global significance as the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Breast cancer is a life-threatening disease, with 23% of all cancer deaths attributed to it in postmenopausal women. Despite advancements in breast imaging and public awareness, many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages due to women's neglect of self-examination and clinical evaluation. The review covers the anatomy of the breast, risk factors, epidemiology, pathogenesis, stages, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for breast cancer, including chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapies, hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, complementary therapies, gene therapy, and stem-cell therapy. Breast cancer is classified into non-invasive and invasive types, with non-invasive types such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) being less aggressive. Invasive breast cancer includes various subtypes like infiltrating lobular carcinoma, infiltrating ductal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, tubular carcinoma, and inflammatory breast cancer. The pathogenesis of breast cancer involves genetic and environmental factors, with BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes playing a significant role in hereditary breast cancer. Risk factors include age, obesity, hormonal factors, reproductive history, and family history. Breast cancer diagnosis involves clinical history, physical examination, self-examination, ultrasound, nuclear medicine, and MRI. Tumor markers such as CA 15-3 and CA 27.29 are used for monitoring. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapies. Psychological adjustment is also crucial for patients, as breast cancer can significantly impact their emotional well-being. The review emphasizes the importance of early detection, awareness, and comprehensive treatment strategies to improve outcomes for breast cancer patients globally.