The study investigates the role of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (PCs). It demonstrates that BLyS and APRIL, two TNF family members, can sustain PC survival in vitro and in vivo, with IL-6 enhancing this effect. Blockade of BLyS via TACI-Ig treatment inhibits PC survival. PCs express high levels of BCMA mRNA compared to resting B cells, and BCMA−/− mice show impaired long-term PC survival. The findings suggest that the BLyS-APRIL-BCMA pathway is crucial for maintaining long-lived PCs, and therapeutic targeting of BCMA may be a potential strategy for selective PC elimination in antibody-mediated autoimmunity.The study investigates the role of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in the survival of long-lived bone marrow plasma cells (PCs). It demonstrates that BLyS and APRIL, two TNF family members, can sustain PC survival in vitro and in vivo, with IL-6 enhancing this effect. Blockade of BLyS via TACI-Ig treatment inhibits PC survival. PCs express high levels of BCMA mRNA compared to resting B cells, and BCMA−/− mice show impaired long-term PC survival. The findings suggest that the BLyS-APRIL-BCMA pathway is crucial for maintaining long-lived PCs, and therapeutic targeting of BCMA may be a potential strategy for selective PC elimination in antibody-mediated autoimmunity.