The article by Swennen and Beckerich investigates the vesicle-mediated protein transport pathways in *Yarrowia lipolytica*, a dimorphic yeast with excellent protein secretion capabilities. The authors compared the protein sequences of *Y. lipolytica* with those of other yeasts, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, *Candida glabrata*, *Kluyveromyces lactis*, and *Debaryomyces hansenii*, identified proteins involved in vesicular secretion, and analyzed their conservation across these species. They found that *Y. lipolytica* has an expanded Rab protein family, including Rab2- and Rab4-related members, which are absent or less conserved in other yeasts. The Rab4-related protein may play a role in membrane recycling, as indicated by the altered colony morphology, dimorphic transition, and permeability of a *Y. lipolytica* strain lacking the *RAB4* gene. Additionally, *Y. lipolytica* has three copies of the *SSO* gene encoding a plasma membrane SNARE protein, which is not found in other yeasts. The study also revealed that 40% of *Y. lipolytica* proteins are more closely related to animal proteins compared to 13% in *S. cerevisiae*, suggesting that *Y. lipolytica* is more representative of animal and fungal vesicular secretion pathways. The authors conclude that *Y. lipolytica* retains a more complex secretion pathway, possibly due to its ability to switch between yeast and filamentous forms, and its good secretion capacity.The article by Swennen and Beckerich investigates the vesicle-mediated protein transport pathways in *Yarrowia lipolytica*, a dimorphic yeast with excellent protein secretion capabilities. The authors compared the protein sequences of *Y. lipolytica* with those of other yeasts, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, *Candida glabrata*, *Kluyveromyces lactis*, and *Debaryomyces hansenii*, identified proteins involved in vesicular secretion, and analyzed their conservation across these species. They found that *Y. lipolytica* has an expanded Rab protein family, including Rab2- and Rab4-related members, which are absent or less conserved in other yeasts. The Rab4-related protein may play a role in membrane recycling, as indicated by the altered colony morphology, dimorphic transition, and permeability of a *Y. lipolytica* strain lacking the *RAB4* gene. Additionally, *Y. lipolytica* has three copies of the *SSO* gene encoding a plasma membrane SNARE protein, which is not found in other yeasts. The study also revealed that 40% of *Y. lipolytica* proteins are more closely related to animal proteins compared to 13% in *S. cerevisiae*, suggesting that *Y. lipolytica* is more representative of animal and fungal vesicular secretion pathways. The authors conclude that *Y. lipolytica* retains a more complex secretion pathway, possibly due to its ability to switch between yeast and filamentous forms, and its good secretion capacity.