2009 May ; 41(5): 544–552. doi:10.1038/ng.356. | David Dankort, David P. Curley, Robert A. Cartlidge, Betsy Nelson, Anthony N. Karnezis, William E. Damsky Jr., Mingjian J. You, Ronald A. DePinho, Martin McMahon, Marcus Bosenberg
This study investigates the cooperative effects of *BRAF*^V600E^ and *PTEN* silencing in the development of metastatic melanoma. Mice with conditional melanocyte-specific expression of *BRAF*^V600E^ developed benign melanocytic hyperplasias but did not progress to melanoma over 15-20 months. However, when *BRAF*^V600E^ was combined with *PTEN* tumor suppressor gene silencing, it led to 100% penetrance of melanoma with short latency and metastases in lymph nodes and lungs. Melanoma was prevented by inhibitors of mTORC1 (Rapamycin) or MEK1/2 (PD325901), but the melanoma recurred upon cessation of drug administration, indicating the presence of long-lived melanoma-initiating cells. Combined treatment with Rapamycin and PD325901 significantly reduced established melanoma size. This mouse model, which recapitulates key features of human melanoma, provides a valuable tool for studying melanoma metastasis and evaluating agents for preventing or treating metastatic disease.This study investigates the cooperative effects of *BRAF*^V600E^ and *PTEN* silencing in the development of metastatic melanoma. Mice with conditional melanocyte-specific expression of *BRAF*^V600E^ developed benign melanocytic hyperplasias but did not progress to melanoma over 15-20 months. However, when *BRAF*^V600E^ was combined with *PTEN* tumor suppressor gene silencing, it led to 100% penetrance of melanoma with short latency and metastases in lymph nodes and lungs. Melanoma was prevented by inhibitors of mTORC1 (Rapamycin) or MEK1/2 (PD325901), but the melanoma recurred upon cessation of drug administration, indicating the presence of long-lived melanoma-initiating cells. Combined treatment with Rapamycin and PD325901 significantly reduced established melanoma size. This mouse model, which recapitulates key features of human melanoma, provides a valuable tool for studying melanoma metastasis and evaluating agents for preventing or treating metastatic disease.