The article "Bacteriocins: potentials and prospects in health and agrifood systems" by Rine Christopher Reuben and Carmen Torres reviews the current trends and applications of bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Bacteriocins have gained significant attention due to their high antimicrobial properties, narrow or broad spectrum of activity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and stability. Initially used to improve food quality and safety, bacteriocins are now being explored for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. These applications include modulating microbiota, treating and managing infectious and non-infectious diseases, and improving food security, safety, and quality. The review highlights the increasing research outputs and funding in bacteriocin research, emphasizing the potential of cutting-edge technologies like bioengineering to enhance their exploitation. The article also discusses the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need for novel antimicrobial compounds, highlighting bacteriocins as a promising solution. The biological, classification, and source aspects of bacteriocins are detailed, including their diverse structures, biosynthetic mechanisms, and the mechanisms by which they protect themselves from self-cytolysis.The article "Bacteriocins: potentials and prospects in health and agrifood systems" by Rine Christopher Reuben and Carmen Torres reviews the current trends and applications of bacteriocins, which are antimicrobial peptides synthesized by bacteria and archaea. Bacteriocins have gained significant attention due to their high antimicrobial properties, narrow or broad spectrum of activity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and stability. Initially used to improve food quality and safety, bacteriocins are now being explored for innovative applications in human, animal, and food systems as sustainable alternatives to antibiotics. These applications include modulating microbiota, treating and managing infectious and non-infectious diseases, and improving food security, safety, and quality. The review highlights the increasing research outputs and funding in bacteriocin research, emphasizing the potential of cutting-edge technologies like bioengineering to enhance their exploitation. The article also discusses the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the need for novel antimicrobial compounds, highlighting bacteriocins as a promising solution. The biological, classification, and source aspects of bacteriocins are detailed, including their diverse structures, biosynthetic mechanisms, and the mechanisms by which they protect themselves from self-cytolysis.