Bacterioruberin (BR), a rare C50 carotenoid produced by halophilic archaea, exhibits significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumoral properties. This review summarizes the biosynthesis, biological activities, and therapeutic applications of BR and its derivatives in cancer and immune pathologies. Haloarchaea, which thrive in hypersaline environments, produce BR as a protective pigment against oxidative stress and UV radiation. BR and its derivatives, such as monoanhydrobacterioruberin and bisanhydrobacterioruberin, are known for their antioxidant capacity, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that BR can modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and exhibit antitumoral effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis. Additionally, BR has potential applications in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The review highlights the importance of BR in biotechnology, emphasizing its potential as a natural biomolecule for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer, immune disorders, and skin health issues. Despite its promising properties, further research is needed to fully understand BR's mechanisms and optimize its use in clinical settings.Bacterioruberin (BR), a rare C50 carotenoid produced by halophilic archaea, exhibits significant antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antitumoral properties. This review summarizes the biosynthesis, biological activities, and therapeutic applications of BR and its derivatives in cancer and immune pathologies. Haloarchaea, which thrive in hypersaline environments, produce BR as a protective pigment against oxidative stress and UV radiation. BR and its derivatives, such as monoanhydrobacterioruberin and bisanhydrobacterioruberin, are known for their antioxidant capacity, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reducing oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that BR can modulate immune responses, reduce inflammation, and exhibit antitumoral effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis. Additionally, BR has potential applications in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The review highlights the importance of BR in biotechnology, emphasizing its potential as a natural biomolecule for developing new therapeutic strategies against cancer, immune disorders, and skin health issues. Despite its promising properties, further research is needed to fully understand BR's mechanisms and optimize its use in clinical settings.