Base editing is a novel genome editing approach that uses CRISPR systems to directly install point mutations in cellular DNA or RNA without creating double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). This method involves fusing a catalytically disabled nuclease with a nucleobase deaminase enzyme, and sometimes a DNA glycosylase inhibitor, to convert one base or base pair into another. Base editors can be used to generate specific and precise point mutations in genomic DNA and RNA, with minimal off-target effects. The review highlights recent advancements in base editing strategies, including the development of cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base editors (ABEs), which can convert C•G to T•A and A•T to G•C, respectively. RNA-guided base editors, such as those using antisense oligonucleotides or Cas13, have also been developed to edit individual bases in RNA. The review discusses the mechanisms, limitations, and future directions of base editing, emphasizing its potential for research and therapeutic applications. Key challenges include improving product purity, reducing off-target effects, and enhancing intracellular expression and delivery methods.Base editing is a novel genome editing approach that uses CRISPR systems to directly install point mutations in cellular DNA or RNA without creating double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). This method involves fusing a catalytically disabled nuclease with a nucleobase deaminase enzyme, and sometimes a DNA glycosylase inhibitor, to convert one base or base pair into another. Base editors can be used to generate specific and precise point mutations in genomic DNA and RNA, with minimal off-target effects. The review highlights recent advancements in base editing strategies, including the development of cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base editors (ABEs), which can convert C•G to T•A and A•T to G•C, respectively. RNA-guided base editors, such as those using antisense oligonucleotides or Cas13, have also been developed to edit individual bases in RNA. The review discusses the mechanisms, limitations, and future directions of base editing, emphasizing its potential for research and therapeutic applications. Key challenges include improving product purity, reducing off-target effects, and enhancing intracellular expression and delivery methods.