The article discusses the significant impact of vaccine misinformation on social media and the limited evidence base for interventions to reduce these effects. It highlights the importance of effective population-level vaccination campaigns for public health and the disruptive nature of counter-campaigns, which can threaten global health. The proliferation of anti-vaccine campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on social media, has led to real-world harms, including increased illness and death. Despite advancements in vaccine access and real-time communication, public health officials struggle to keep pace with misleading content online. Interventions to tackle vaccine hesitancy have focused on social media, but their effectiveness is often limited, and there is a lack of robust evidence from field studies. The article outlines several approaches to reducing vaccine hesitancy, including mandatory vaccination, incentives, public health communication campaigns, and engaging trusted leaders. Contemporary methods, such as debunking and pre-bunking, have shown promise in changing beliefs but less clear evidence on increasing vaccination uptake. The need for better evidence and more effective interventions is urgent, and the article provides 10 insights for developing more robust tools to address vaccine hesitancy on social media.The article discusses the significant impact of vaccine misinformation on social media and the limited evidence base for interventions to reduce these effects. It highlights the importance of effective population-level vaccination campaigns for public health and the disruptive nature of counter-campaigns, which can threaten global health. The proliferation of anti-vaccine campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on social media, has led to real-world harms, including increased illness and death. Despite advancements in vaccine access and real-time communication, public health officials struggle to keep pace with misleading content online. Interventions to tackle vaccine hesitancy have focused on social media, but their effectiveness is often limited, and there is a lack of robust evidence from field studies. The article outlines several approaches to reducing vaccine hesitancy, including mandatory vaccination, incentives, public health communication campaigns, and engaging trusted leaders. Contemporary methods, such as debunking and pre-bunking, have shown promise in changing beliefs but less clear evidence on increasing vaccination uptake. The need for better evidence and more effective interventions is urgent, and the article provides 10 insights for developing more robust tools to address vaccine hesitancy on social media.