2 Jul 2024 | M. Fabbrichesi, R. Floreanini, E. Gabrielli, and L. Marzola
The paper presents experimental evidence that the Bell inequality is violated in charmonium decays, indicating quantum non-separability and entanglement at high energies. Using helicity amplitudes from charmonium decays, the authors analyze spin correlations and test the violation of Bell inequalities. They find that the Bell inequality is violated with a significance of 5σ or more in several decays, including η_c → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, χ_c^0 → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, J/ψ → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, ψ(3686) → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, J/ψ → Ξ⁻ + $\bar{\Xi}^+$, Ξ⁰ + $\bar{\Xi}^0$, Σ⁻ + $\bar{\Sigma}^+$, Σ⁰ + $\bar{\Sigma}^0$, ψ(3686) → Ξ⁻ + $\bar{\Xi}^+$, Ξ⁰ + $\bar{\Xi}^0$, and χ_c^0 → φ + φ. The decay ψ(3686) → Ω⁻ + $\bar{\Omega}^+$ shows entanglement. These results confirm the presence of entanglement and quantum non-separability in high-energy physics, with particles of different spins interacting via electroweak and strong forces. The long lifetime of some strange baryons produced in these decays allows testing whether quantum spin correlations persist after interacting with the beam pipe and detector. The analysis uses quantum tomography to reconstruct the density matrix and quantify entanglement and Bell inequality violations. The results show significant violations of the Bell inequality in multiple decays, with some reaching 56.3σ significance. The study highlights the importance of testing quantum correlations in high-energy physics and provides insights into the nature of entanglement and quantum non-separability in particle decays.The paper presents experimental evidence that the Bell inequality is violated in charmonium decays, indicating quantum non-separability and entanglement at high energies. Using helicity amplitudes from charmonium decays, the authors analyze spin correlations and test the violation of Bell inequalities. They find that the Bell inequality is violated with a significance of 5σ or more in several decays, including η_c → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, χ_c^0 → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, J/ψ → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, ψ(3686) → Λ + $\bar{\Lambda}$, J/ψ → Ξ⁻ + $\bar{\Xi}^+$, Ξ⁰ + $\bar{\Xi}^0$, Σ⁻ + $\bar{\Sigma}^+$, Σ⁰ + $\bar{\Sigma}^0$, ψ(3686) → Ξ⁻ + $\bar{\Xi}^+$, Ξ⁰ + $\bar{\Xi}^0$, and χ_c^0 → φ + φ. The decay ψ(3686) → Ω⁻ + $\bar{\Omega}^+$ shows entanglement. These results confirm the presence of entanglement and quantum non-separability in high-energy physics, with particles of different spins interacting via electroweak and strong forces. The long lifetime of some strange baryons produced in these decays allows testing whether quantum spin correlations persist after interacting with the beam pipe and detector. The analysis uses quantum tomography to reconstruct the density matrix and quantify entanglement and Bell inequality violations. The results show significant violations of the Bell inequality in multiple decays, with some reaching 56.3σ significance. The study highlights the importance of testing quantum correlations in high-energy physics and provides insights into the nature of entanglement and quantum non-separability in particle decays.