The article "Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interactions and Stress Tolerance in Maize" by Saroj Burlakoti, Ananta R. Devkota, Shital Poudyal, and Amita Kaundal reviews the importance of beneficial microbes in enhancing maize growth and stress tolerance. Maize, a staple food and industrial crop, is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat, which significantly impact yield. The authors highlight the role of plant-microbe interactions, particularly those involving arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), in improving maize resilience. These interactions enhance nutrient uptake, regulate electron transport, and activate antioxidant systems, thereby reducing oxidative damage. The review also discusses the application of stress-tolerant microbes in agriculture, emphasizing their potential to reduce chemical fertilizer use and improve soil health. Additionally, it explores the induction of systemic resistance (ISR) by beneficial microbes, which enhances the plant's defense against pathogens. The authors conclude that beneficial plant-microbe interactions offer a promising solution for enhancing maize productivity and sustainability under challenging environmental conditions. However, they also identify challenges in understanding the long-term effects of microbial inoculation and the complex interactions between introduced and native soil microbiota.The article "Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interactions and Stress Tolerance in Maize" by Saroj Burlakoti, Ananta R. Devkota, Shital Poudyal, and Amita Kaundal reviews the importance of beneficial microbes in enhancing maize growth and stress tolerance. Maize, a staple food and industrial crop, is highly susceptible to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat, which significantly impact yield. The authors highlight the role of plant-microbe interactions, particularly those involving arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), in improving maize resilience. These interactions enhance nutrient uptake, regulate electron transport, and activate antioxidant systems, thereby reducing oxidative damage. The review also discusses the application of stress-tolerant microbes in agriculture, emphasizing their potential to reduce chemical fertilizer use and improve soil health. Additionally, it explores the induction of systemic resistance (ISR) by beneficial microbes, which enhances the plant's defense against pathogens. The authors conclude that beneficial plant-microbe interactions offer a promising solution for enhancing maize productivity and sustainability under challenging environmental conditions. However, they also identify challenges in understanding the long-term effects of microbial inoculation and the complex interactions between introduced and native soil microbiota.