Beyond the Hedonic Treadmill: Revising the Adaptation Theory of Well-Being

Beyond the Hedonic Treadmill: Revising the Adaptation Theory of Well-Being

May–June 2006 | Ed Diener, Richard E. Lucas, Christie Napa Scollon
The article revises the hedonic treadmill model of well-being, which suggests that people quickly adapt to both good and bad events, returning to a neutral set point. The authors, Ed Diener, Richard E. Lucas, and Christie Napa Scollon, argue that this model needs five key revisions: 1. **Nonneutral Set Points**: People do not return to a neutral set point but rather to a positive set point, as most people experience more positive than negative emotions. 2. **Individual Set Points**: People have different set points, influenced by their temperaments and personality traits. 3. **Multiple Set Points**: Well-being is composed of separable components such as positive and negative emotions and life satisfaction, which can move in different directions. 4. **Happiness Can Change**: Well-being can change under certain conditions, and individuals differ in their adaptation to events. 5. **Individual Differences in Adaptation**: The rate and extent of adaptation vary among individuals, influenced by coping strategies and personality traits. These revisions suggest that interventions to increase happiness can be effective, both at the individual and societal levels. The authors provide evidence from longitudinal studies and cross-national comparisons to support their arguments. They conclude that while adaptation is a powerful force, it is not inevitable or complete, and interventions can modify it. This revised model has implications for psychology and policy, offering hope for reducing human misery and increasing happiness.The article revises the hedonic treadmill model of well-being, which suggests that people quickly adapt to both good and bad events, returning to a neutral set point. The authors, Ed Diener, Richard E. Lucas, and Christie Napa Scollon, argue that this model needs five key revisions: 1. **Nonneutral Set Points**: People do not return to a neutral set point but rather to a positive set point, as most people experience more positive than negative emotions. 2. **Individual Set Points**: People have different set points, influenced by their temperaments and personality traits. 3. **Multiple Set Points**: Well-being is composed of separable components such as positive and negative emotions and life satisfaction, which can move in different directions. 4. **Happiness Can Change**: Well-being can change under certain conditions, and individuals differ in their adaptation to events. 5. **Individual Differences in Adaptation**: The rate and extent of adaptation vary among individuals, influenced by coping strategies and personality traits. These revisions suggest that interventions to increase happiness can be effective, both at the individual and societal levels. The authors provide evidence from longitudinal studies and cross-national comparisons to support their arguments. They conclude that while adaptation is a powerful force, it is not inevitable or complete, and interventions can modify it. This revised model has implications for psychology and policy, offering hope for reducing human misery and increasing happiness.
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Understanding Beyond the hedonic treadmill%3A revising the adaptation theory of well-being.