The chapter discusses the debate surrounding the impact of computers on productivity growth. It highlights that while computers are often seen as catalysts for significant changes, their contribution to productivity is complex and multifaceted. The authors, Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin M. Hitt, emphasize that productivity growth is crucial for economic development and living standards, but measuring it accurately is challenging due to the difficulty in defining and quantifying both output and input. They argue that productivity growth comes from adopting new technologies and techniques, particularly "general purpose technologies" like the steam engine and electricity. In the information age, information technology (IT) has emerged as a key driver of productivity, driven by Moore's Law. However, the relationship between IT investment and productivity has been controversial, with some studies showing little to no positive impact, a phenomenon known as the "productivity paradox." The authors review several studies that use broader data sets to analyze the relationship between IT investment and productivity, finding a consensus that IT does contribute positively to productivity. They also highlight that the benefits of IT are realized more effectively when combined with complementary investments in strategies, business processes, and organizational changes. These changes can be costly and time-consuming but are essential for maximizing the value of IT investments. The chapter concludes by emphasizing that while computers alone do not automatically increase productivity, they are a critical component of a broader system of organizational changes that do. The authors suggest that the current wave of IT adoption is occurring more quickly than previous technological revolutions, and that businesses must embrace these organizational changes to fully leverage the potential of IT.The chapter discusses the debate surrounding the impact of computers on productivity growth. It highlights that while computers are often seen as catalysts for significant changes, their contribution to productivity is complex and multifaceted. The authors, Erik Brynjolfsson and Lorin M. Hitt, emphasize that productivity growth is crucial for economic development and living standards, but measuring it accurately is challenging due to the difficulty in defining and quantifying both output and input. They argue that productivity growth comes from adopting new technologies and techniques, particularly "general purpose technologies" like the steam engine and electricity. In the information age, information technology (IT) has emerged as a key driver of productivity, driven by Moore's Law. However, the relationship between IT investment and productivity has been controversial, with some studies showing little to no positive impact, a phenomenon known as the "productivity paradox." The authors review several studies that use broader data sets to analyze the relationship between IT investment and productivity, finding a consensus that IT does contribute positively to productivity. They also highlight that the benefits of IT are realized more effectively when combined with complementary investments in strategies, business processes, and organizational changes. These changes can be costly and time-consuming but are essential for maximizing the value of IT investments. The chapter concludes by emphasizing that while computers alone do not automatically increase productivity, they are a critical component of a broader system of organizational changes that do. The authors suggest that the current wave of IT adoption is occurring more quickly than previous technological revolutions, and that businesses must embrace these organizational changes to fully leverage the potential of IT.