This scoping review explores the bidirectional association between periodontitis and thyroid disease, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissues around teeth, can contribute to systemic diseases, including thyroid disorders. Thyroid diseases, ranging from benign to malignant conditions, can also lead to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism, with hypothyroidism often revealing significant oral manifestations such as periodontitis. The review, conducted from January 2014 to January 2024, included 20 articles selected from databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Key findings indicate a high prevalence of periodontitis among patients with thyroid disease, particularly thyroid cancer. Genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines are identified as underlying causes. Periodontal treatment, specifically scaling and root planning (SRP), can improve thyroid parameters. While randomized controlled trials are limited, the review highlights the need for further research to understand the bidirectional relationship and develop optimal management strategies for patients with both conditions. Early recognition and timely intervention are crucial for improving clinical outcomes.This scoping review explores the bidirectional association between periodontitis and thyroid disease, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the tissues around teeth, can contribute to systemic diseases, including thyroid disorders. Thyroid diseases, ranging from benign to malignant conditions, can also lead to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism, with hypothyroidism often revealing significant oral manifestations such as periodontitis. The review, conducted from January 2014 to January 2024, included 20 articles selected from databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Key findings indicate a high prevalence of periodontitis among patients with thyroid disease, particularly thyroid cancer. Genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines are identified as underlying causes. Periodontal treatment, specifically scaling and root planning (SRP), can improve thyroid parameters. While randomized controlled trials are limited, the review highlights the need for further research to understand the bidirectional relationship and develop optimal management strategies for patients with both conditions. Early recognition and timely intervention are crucial for improving clinical outcomes.