This scoping review explores the bidirectional association between periodontitis and thyroid disease, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums and supporting structures of teeth, is linked to systemic conditions, including thyroid disease. Thyroid pathology includes benign, malignant, and autoimmune conditions, leading to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism. Hypothyroidism can negatively affect periodontal health, while hyperthyroidism may increase susceptibility to periodontal disease. The association between periodontitis and thyroid disease is influenced by genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines. Periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planning, can improve thyroid parameters. Although few randomized controlled trials exist, this review highlights the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, mediated by systemic inflammation. The review includes 20 studies, showing a high prevalence of periodontitis in patients with thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. The studies suggest that periodontal treatment may reduce the risk of neoplasia and restore TSH levels. However, the exact nature of the relationship remains unclear, and further research is needed to confirm the bidirectional association and develop optimal management strategies. The review also discusses the role of inflammatory cytokines, the oral microbiome, and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of the association. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists and dentists in managing patients with both conditions.This scoping review explores the bidirectional association between periodontitis and thyroid disease, focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums and supporting structures of teeth, is linked to systemic conditions, including thyroid disease. Thyroid pathology includes benign, malignant, and autoimmune conditions, leading to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism. Hypothyroidism can negatively affect periodontal health, while hyperthyroidism may increase susceptibility to periodontal disease. The association between periodontitis and thyroid disease is influenced by genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines. Periodontal treatment, such as scaling and root planning, can improve thyroid parameters. Although few randomized controlled trials exist, this review highlights the bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, mediated by systemic inflammation. The review includes 20 studies, showing a high prevalence of periodontitis in patients with thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. The studies suggest that periodontal treatment may reduce the risk of neoplasia and restore TSH levels. However, the exact nature of the relationship remains unclear, and further research is needed to confirm the bidirectional association and develop optimal management strategies. The review also discusses the role of inflammatory cytokines, the oral microbiome, and genetic factors in the pathogenesis of the association. Overall, the findings emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between endocrinologists and dentists in managing patients with both conditions.