Bio-Inspired Dynamically Morphing Microelectronics toward High-Density Energy Applications and Intelligent Biomedical Implants

Bio-Inspired Dynamically Morphing Microelectronics toward High-Density Energy Applications and Intelligent Biomedical Implants

2024 | Leandro Merces, Leticia Mariê Minatogau Ferro, Aleena Thomas, Dmitriy D. Karnaushenko, Yumin Luo, Aleksandr I. Egunov, Wenlan Zhang, Vineeth K. Bandari, Yeji Lee, John S. McCaskill, Minshen Zhu, Oliver G. Schmidt, and Daniil Karnaushenko
This paper introduces a novel category of strain-engineered dynamic-shape materials that enable diverse multi-dimensional shape modulations, forming fine-grained adaptive microarchitectures. These materials, created using micro-origami tessellation technology, are equipped with strategic creases featuring stimuli-responsive micro-hinges that morph precisely upon chemical and electrical cues. The study demonstrates three forms of these complex 4D metamaterials: freestanding multifaceted foldable packages, auxetic mesosurfaces, and morphable cages. These systems are integrated in two dual proof-of-concept bioelectronic demonstrations: a soft foldable supercapacitor with high power density (≈108 mW cm⁻²) and a bio-adaptive device with dynamic shape that may enable novel smart-implant technologies. The paper discusses the challenges of generating high-performance morphable heterostructures, particularly in their inability to seamlessly craft intricate structures like multifaceted mesosurfaces, reversibly morphable cages, and adaptive auxetic tessellations. The study leverages advancements in smart materials to create new bio-inspired 4D multifunctional applications. The approach employs a range of materials, including stimuli-responsive hydrogels, thin films, nanomembranes, flexible substrates, organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors, and electroactive artificial muscles. The result is the creation of multifaceted morphable metamaterials that serve as actively foldable 4D hosts for microelectronics, termed morphogentronics. The study presents results showing the versatility of the chemo-mechanical actuator hinge approach, enabling the successful assembly of intricate 4D micro-origami tessellations. The results demonstrate the ability to achieve high foldability and low strain in various tessellation geometries. The study also presents a bio-inspired morphogenetic supercapacitor, which demonstrates high areal capacitance and energy density. The supercapacitor's performance is tunable through dynamic shape transformation, achieving comparable energy density and areal capacitance to state-of-the-art supercapacitors. The study also introduces a hybrid-hinge approach by integrating HG and polypyrrole (PPy) actuators to form a multi-stimuli responsive grid of hinges. This approach enables precise and independent control over assembly, deployment, and actuation, especially for biomedical device smart technologies. The study demonstrates the potential of electronically morphable smart devices in revolutionizing the field of intelligent biomedical devices by providing minimally invasive alternatives to common medical procedures. The paper concludes that the morphogentronics concept has been demonstrated for four distinct micro-origami tessellation architectures, offering fresh possibilities for 4D bioelectronics. The study validates the adaptability and scalability of the approach through two proof-of-concept demonstrators: a morphogenetic supercapacitor and a soft implant prototype. The results show the potential of these technologies in various medical applications, including aneurysThis paper introduces a novel category of strain-engineered dynamic-shape materials that enable diverse multi-dimensional shape modulations, forming fine-grained adaptive microarchitectures. These materials, created using micro-origami tessellation technology, are equipped with strategic creases featuring stimuli-responsive micro-hinges that morph precisely upon chemical and electrical cues. The study demonstrates three forms of these complex 4D metamaterials: freestanding multifaceted foldable packages, auxetic mesosurfaces, and morphable cages. These systems are integrated in two dual proof-of-concept bioelectronic demonstrations: a soft foldable supercapacitor with high power density (≈108 mW cm⁻²) and a bio-adaptive device with dynamic shape that may enable novel smart-implant technologies. The paper discusses the challenges of generating high-performance morphable heterostructures, particularly in their inability to seamlessly craft intricate structures like multifaceted mesosurfaces, reversibly morphable cages, and adaptive auxetic tessellations. The study leverages advancements in smart materials to create new bio-inspired 4D multifunctional applications. The approach employs a range of materials, including stimuli-responsive hydrogels, thin films, nanomembranes, flexible substrates, organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors, and electroactive artificial muscles. The result is the creation of multifaceted morphable metamaterials that serve as actively foldable 4D hosts for microelectronics, termed morphogentronics. The study presents results showing the versatility of the chemo-mechanical actuator hinge approach, enabling the successful assembly of intricate 4D micro-origami tessellations. The results demonstrate the ability to achieve high foldability and low strain in various tessellation geometries. The study also presents a bio-inspired morphogenetic supercapacitor, which demonstrates high areal capacitance and energy density. The supercapacitor's performance is tunable through dynamic shape transformation, achieving comparable energy density and areal capacitance to state-of-the-art supercapacitors. The study also introduces a hybrid-hinge approach by integrating HG and polypyrrole (PPy) actuators to form a multi-stimuli responsive grid of hinges. This approach enables precise and independent control over assembly, deployment, and actuation, especially for biomedical device smart technologies. The study demonstrates the potential of electronically morphable smart devices in revolutionizing the field of intelligent biomedical devices by providing minimally invasive alternatives to common medical procedures. The paper concludes that the morphogentronics concept has been demonstrated for four distinct micro-origami tessellation architectures, offering fresh possibilities for 4D bioelectronics. The study validates the adaptability and scalability of the approach through two proof-of-concept demonstrators: a morphogenetic supercapacitor and a soft implant prototype. The results show the potential of these technologies in various medical applications, including aneurys
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