The article reviews the therapeutic and toxicological properties of bismuth compounds, which are widely used in medicine for treating peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia, and chronic gastritis. Despite their relatively low toxicity due to their insolubility in aqueous solutions, excessive or prolonged use can lead to toxicity, particularly in the kidneys, liver, and brain. The review highlights the importance of discontinuing these compounds to reverse toxic effects and emphasizes the need for further research to understand their long-term systemic safety. Clinical cases of bismuth toxicity, including neurological and nephrotoxic symptoms, are discussed, along with the potential mechanisms of toxicity. The article also explores the use of bismuth in antimicrobial, anticancer, and cosmetic applications, and its role in reducing the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Overall, while bismuth-based products are generally considered safe, more studies are needed to fully understand their toxicity profile and long-term effects.The article reviews the therapeutic and toxicological properties of bismuth compounds, which are widely used in medicine for treating peptic ulcers, functional dyspepsia, and chronic gastritis. Despite their relatively low toxicity due to their insolubility in aqueous solutions, excessive or prolonged use can lead to toxicity, particularly in the kidneys, liver, and brain. The review highlights the importance of discontinuing these compounds to reverse toxic effects and emphasizes the need for further research to understand their long-term systemic safety. Clinical cases of bismuth toxicity, including neurological and nephrotoxic symptoms, are discussed, along with the potential mechanisms of toxicity. The article also explores the use of bismuth in antimicrobial, anticancer, and cosmetic applications, and its role in reducing the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Overall, while bismuth-based products are generally considered safe, more studies are needed to fully understand their toxicity profile and long-term effects.