This review by Lutz-Christian Gerhardt and Aldo R. Boccaccini discusses the use of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics in bone tissue engineering. Bioactive glasses, traditionally used to fill and restore bone defects, have become an emerging research field for bone tissue engineering applications. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds based on melt-derived bioactive silicate glass compositions and relevant composite structures. They cover the history of bioactive glasses, fundamental requirements for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, recent developments in bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds, fabrication methods, microstructural-mechanical properties, and ion release effects on osteogenic and angiogenic responses. The review also highlights future research areas in this field. Key points include the importance of scaffold design, the relationship between scaffold porosity and mechanical properties, and the role of bioactive glass in promoting bone formation and vascularization.This review by Lutz-Christian Gerhardt and Aldo R. Boccaccini discusses the use of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics in bone tissue engineering. Bioactive glasses, traditionally used to fill and restore bone defects, have become an emerging research field for bone tissue engineering applications. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds based on melt-derived bioactive silicate glass compositions and relevant composite structures. They cover the history of bioactive glasses, fundamental requirements for bone tissue engineering scaffolds, recent developments in bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds, fabrication methods, microstructural-mechanical properties, and ion release effects on osteogenic and angiogenic responses. The review also highlights future research areas in this field. Key points include the importance of scaffold design, the relationship between scaffold porosity and mechanical properties, and the role of bioactive glass in promoting bone formation and vascularization.