The paper "Biochar-mediated remediation of uranium-contaminated soils: evidence, mechanisms, and perspectives" by Fengyu Huang et al. reviews the global status of uranium contamination, the effectiveness of biochar in reducing uranium bioavailability and accumulation in soil-plant systems, and the underlying mechanisms. Uranium contamination, primarily sourced from mining activities, poses significant risks to agricultural productivity and soil health. Biochar, a carbonaceous material derived from biomass pyrolysis, has shown considerable potential in remediating uranium-contaminated soils. The study highlights that biochar addition significantly reduces soil uranium bioavailability and shoot uranium accumulation, with mean reductions of 58.9% and 39.7%, respectively. Biochar enhances soil microenvironmental conditions, promoting plant growth and reducing uranium mobility. The mechanisms governing biochar-uranyl interactions include surface complexation, reduction, ion exchange, and physical adsorption. Surface complexation involves the formation of coordination bonds between biochar functional groups and uranium ions. Reduction reactions, facilitated by biochar modifications like Fe and microbial treatments, convert soluble uranium(VI) to less mobile uranium(IV). Ion exchange and physical adsorption also play crucial roles in uranium immobilization. Additionally, biochar application alleviates oxidative stress and reduces uranium accumulation in plant tissues, mitigating adverse effects on plant growth and development. The review underscores the capacity of biochar to remediate uranium contamination through diverse mechanisms, providing valuable insights for sustainable environmental management and agricultural practices.The paper "Biochar-mediated remediation of uranium-contaminated soils: evidence, mechanisms, and perspectives" by Fengyu Huang et al. reviews the global status of uranium contamination, the effectiveness of biochar in reducing uranium bioavailability and accumulation in soil-plant systems, and the underlying mechanisms. Uranium contamination, primarily sourced from mining activities, poses significant risks to agricultural productivity and soil health. Biochar, a carbonaceous material derived from biomass pyrolysis, has shown considerable potential in remediating uranium-contaminated soils. The study highlights that biochar addition significantly reduces soil uranium bioavailability and shoot uranium accumulation, with mean reductions of 58.9% and 39.7%, respectively. Biochar enhances soil microenvironmental conditions, promoting plant growth and reducing uranium mobility. The mechanisms governing biochar-uranyl interactions include surface complexation, reduction, ion exchange, and physical adsorption. Surface complexation involves the formation of coordination bonds between biochar functional groups and uranium ions. Reduction reactions, facilitated by biochar modifications like Fe and microbial treatments, convert soluble uranium(VI) to less mobile uranium(IV). Ion exchange and physical adsorption also play crucial roles in uranium immobilization. Additionally, biochar application alleviates oxidative stress and reduces uranium accumulation in plant tissues, mitigating adverse effects on plant growth and development. The review underscores the capacity of biochar to remediate uranium contamination through diverse mechanisms, providing valuable insights for sustainable environmental management and agricultural practices.